山东省环境监测技术演练实践与探讨

在综合分析山东省开展的环境监测技术演练活动基础上,重点探讨了省站开展全省性的多场所、多领域、多参数技术演练活动的组织及考评内容,特别介绍了演练活动考评的形式、内容、安排、标准及要求,总结了开展演练活动的收获与体会,以及发现的问题。     

基于“情景-应对”的三维应急推演方法研究

针对石油化工行业事故应急现场环境三维快速模拟需求,研究基于石化模型库的无人机倾斜摄影三维建模的技术方法。利用无人机快速获取预定区域的遥感影像、完成场景的影像标定、建立场景的稠密点云,基于石化模型库对点云进行曲面拟合和纹理映射生成实时三维可视化模型。利用三维事故桌面推演平台,让应急指挥人员在全面掌握事故现场信息情况下,充分研判事故演变过程,开展基于"情景-应对"的事故应急推演。     

Thermal Strain in Fire Fighters While Wearing Task-Fitted Versus EN 469:2005 Protective Clothing During a Prolonged Rescue Drill

Fire fighters are normally overprotected during their working hours because of the tendency to keep the personal protection level sufficiently high in case of the worst possible scenarios. This study investigated the effects of task-fitted protective clothing on thermal strain in fire fighters as compared to EN 469:2005 protective clothing during a prolonged (2 1/2 hrs) job-related rescue drill under neutral and hot climates. The subjects were 23 healthy, physically fit professional male fire fighters aged 26–44 years. Measurements included cardiovascular and thermal responses and subjective assessments. Wearing task-fitted clothing during rescue tasks in a neutral climate considerably reduced total thermal and cardiovascular strain in prolonged rescue work. The fire fighters also perceived physical work as significantly harder on average, and reported more intense subjective discomfort while wearing EN 469:2005 as compared to task-fitted clothing.     

某产品钛合金性能及台阶轴磨削

TC4因具有良好的力学性能和较好的工艺性能而成为钛合金结构件中使用最多的材料,但其磨削性极差,特别是台阶轴的磨削更为困难。在吸取总结各种磨削经验的基础上对钛合金台阶轴的磨削做了一些探索和实践。     

地震应急演练虚拟仿真应用技术

地震是一种破坏性极大的突发性自然灾害。破坏性地震发生后,各级政府和部门必须迅速应对这种突发性事件。开展应急演练培训,能提高应急管理人员的应急处置和科学决策能力。应用虚拟仿真应用技术构建了虚拟地震应急演练平台,提出了系统体系结构、想定编辑器、演练控制的设计思想以及虚拟应急演练的组织方式。虚拟地震应急演练平台使演练者能够通过看地震灾害现场,做出相应决策,从而增强受训者的临场感觉,提升地震应急管理人员的快速反应和应急处置能力。     

地震应急通讯保障系统的设计与思考

以华东地震应急联动协作区地震应急演练为例,探讨了演练现场与指挥中心之间异地会商、现场音视频实况转播和测震波形实时显示的主要通讯实现方法;通过比较试验,确定采用WiMAX无线通讯方式传输现场本地数据、采用编解码器传输音视频信号时,双向视频传输需使用2对编解码器,但1对编解码器上就能完全实现异地音频的互通,AV-1600e型编解码器在地震系统目前的卫星应急通讯信道下采用600 kpbs的视频编码率,能提供相对稳定的画面。实践表明,WiMAX无线通讯能较好地扩大野外本地网络通讯半径,编解码器能实现异地音视频互通,但对信道要求较高,效果较难保证。     

陶瓷磨削参数对表面残余应力的影响

磨削时容易产生裂纹是影响陶瓷应用的关键问题．在磨削过程中，陶瓷残余应力会增大表面裂纹．磨削条件包括磨削因素和砂轮因素等．本文阐述了用金刚石磨削Al2O3时残余应力的变化规律和机械加工原理．     

Brittlestars,Biomarkers and Beryl: Assessing the Toxicity of Oil-Based Drill Cuttings Using Laboratory,Mesocosm and Field Studies

Effects of drill cuttings on burrowing brittlestars (Amphiura chiajei and A. filiformls) were compared at different levels of response, from acute laboratory experiments to chronic field studies. Acute toxicity tests showed that drill cuttings containing oil-based muds had a very low toxicity (LC₅₀ 52,800 ppm total hydrocarbons in test sediment) but sub-lethal effects were detected at much lower levels using a variety of biomarkers and assays. Chronic sub-lethal effects were detected around the Beryl oil platform in the North Sea where the levels of oil in the sediment were very low (<3 ppm total hydrocarbons in sediment) and brittlestars were excluded from areas nearer the platform with higher sediment oil content. These results suggest that acute toxicity tests are a poor predictor of chronic response in these animals. the relationship between toxicity at different levels of response and the predictive power of laboratory studies is discussed.     

湿法粉碎制备纳米RDX安全性分析与性能表征

从热传导理论分析入手,以回收的RDX为原料,选择易获取的水为导热介质,湿法粉碎制备了纳米级RDX样品。利用纳米激光粒度仪、场发射扫描电镜和卡斯特型落锤仪对样品粒径大小、外观特征、感度大小进行了观察和测试。实验结果表明,湿法制备的纳米级RDX感度明显降低,安全性提高。由于本方法成本低廉,使得大规模回收的RDX再次利用成为可能,解决了RDX不方便储存运输使用等难题,扩大了其使用范围。     

基于GIS的机场应急救援演练系统开发与应用研究

针对我国机场在应急救援演练工作中,缺乏演练过程和监控记录、演练成本高且效果差、评价环节不科学等问题,基于GIS技术建立机场应急救援演练系统,论述系统功能需求、总体框架、实现方法和技术路线。实例证明:系统以GIS技术为基础,能够实现机场应急救援演练全过程记录,基本达到民用运输机场应急救援演练及培训全过程的信息化、集成化要求,可为全国其他机场开展应急救援演练系统工程应用提供参考。