高炉煤气干法除尘技术的发展

我国是采用高炉煤气干法袋式除尘最早的国家之一,至今已有40多年的历史。本文介绍了高炉煤气干法除尘技术发展的三个阶段,即起步、发展,以及炉容1000m3以上级的提高阶段,认为采用干法除尘,才能节能减排,实现综合利用。     

STABILITY AND REACH LENGTH IN WATER SURFACE PROFILE DETERMINATION1

ABSTRACT: Extension of basic step methods of backwater computation to reaches of finite length is examined. Accuracies of commonly accepted hydraulic loss equations under particular water surface profile conditions are compared. Simulation of energy lines within a reach by parabolic curves is found to minimize error provided orientation of the axis of the parabola is selected in accordance with prevailing hydraulic conditions. Theoretical basis for an index reach length beyond which single-step computation from end to end of the reach must be in error is developed. Reduction of this reach length by suitable factors tailored to hydraulic conditions yields a mathematically defined allowable reach length for backwater computation. When reach length does not exceed this allowable reach length, no significant error may be detected. Automatic insertion of synthetic cross sections interpolated between surveyed cross sections when these are inadvertently spaced too far apart enables computation to proceed. This device is error-free for prismatic channls but may introduce error for irregular natural channels. Preliminary trials indicate that results so obtained may be accepted provided the fall in the original reach does not exceed from one to two feet. When this is exceeded, additional cross sections should be surveyed.     

西南喀斯特流域枯季地下水电导率特征及水-岩作用分析

受特殊水文地质条件影响,西南喀斯特流域水动力过程与物质循环过程复杂,利用单一水文信息分析该地区水动力过程具有较大难度。地下水电导率受喀斯特水文地质条件影响显著,可以综合反映区域水动力条件与岩性特征。论文选取贵州普定县后寨河流域为研究区,通过野外调查及地下水电导率原位测定,结合流域地形、岩性及落水洞、岩溶泉等岩溶地貌空间分布规律,分析了喀斯特流域枯季地下水电导率空间分布及其受水-岩特征的影响。结果表明,山丘区地下水电导率较低,主要由于喀斯特山区是岩溶裂隙/管道网络发育的强径流区,水-岩接触时间较短。随高程降低,地下水电导率呈现增加趋势,表明地下水流速度减缓,水-岩接触时间变长。地下水电导率受岩性特征影响显著,石灰岩区水-岩作用强烈,易形成较高电导率地下水,平均电导率650 μS/cm,白云岩区水-岩作用减弱,地下水电导率降低,平均值523 μS/cm。     

相对湿度对钙基脱硫剂干法烟气脱硫效率的影响

为得到干法烟气脱硫较优的相对湿度,并验证钙基脱硫剂在干法烟气脱硫中的可行性,在模拟干法烟气脱硫实验台上,研究了钙基脱硫剂在不同相对湿度(0~45%)条件下,脱硫剂的出口浓度、脱硫效率和固硫量。结果表明,在相对湿度从0变化至45%时,可以稳定运行的穿透时间由160 min增加到720 min,可达100%脱硫效率的运行时间由0增至580 min,脱硫剂的固硫量从43.37 mg增加到332.09 mg;增加相对湿度能显著提高烟气脱硫效率,在保证烟气不穿透物料且不出现黏壁现象的条件下,较优的相对湿度为45%。研究明确了在低相对湿度条件下此种脱硫剂的可行性并确定了较优化的干法脱硫湿度,为干法脱硫条件的选择提供了参考。     

滇中典型工矿业城市大气干湿沉降重金属等元素特征及健康风险评价

为研究滇中地区典型工矿业城市大气干湿沉降元素特征及健康风险,选择安宁市2019年6月至2020年7月间采集的大气干湿沉降物为研究对象,分别测定了干、湿沉降中TN、F、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、P、As和Hg这11个指标含量,计算了大气年沉降通量,并采用暴露风险模型评估了其对人体健康风险.结果表明：1大气干沉降物中除Cr、Ni和As,元素F、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb和Hg的含量平均值显著高于安宁市表层土壤元素含量,其分别为5.82、3.00、28.27、57.53、2.83和1.08倍;湿沉降物中F和TN平均含量超过地表水Ⅴ类水标准值;2 TN年沉降通量最高,8种重金属元素的年沉降通量从小到大依次为：Hg-6,不存在致癌性风险或风险较小.因此需加强对区内工矿企业大气重金属排放的严格管控.     

Testes mass in megachiropteran bats varies in accordance with sperm competition theory

Sperm competition is a widespread phenomenon influencing a range of characters, including investment in gonadal tissue. Conspecific proximity is one factor which can influence the risk of sperm competition and hence testicular investment, and decreased confidence of paternity may be one cost of group living. Aspects of female biology may also influence spermatogenic investment and sperm morphology. This study examines the associations between relative testes mass and roost-group size across 17 species of Megachiroptera. Associations between breeding season duration and investment in spermatogenesis are also examined, as are associations between female reproductive tract dimensions and testes mass and dimensions of spermatozoa across all bats. Relative testes mass was significantly positively associated with roost-group size at a species level and after appropriate phylogenetic control (pairwise comparisons and comparison of independent contrasts). There were no significant relationships between breeding season duration and relative testes mass. Across all bats, neither testes mass nor sperm length were significantly related to dimensions of the female tract. The results are discussed in the context of sperm competition. Received: 7 January 1998 / Accepted after revision: 8 August 1998     

油脂含量和有机负荷对餐厨垃圾干式厌氧消化的影响

为了研究进料油脂含量(5%~25%)和有机负荷(40~60 kg VS/m3)对餐厨垃圾中温干式厌氧消化的共同影响,采用软件Design-Expert 8.0.6设计进料参数,以容积产甲烷率作为响应值,对14组序批式实验的结果进行回归分析,并建立容积产甲烷率与油脂含量和有机负荷间的回归方程。结果表明,当有机负荷为40 kg VS/m3时,甲烷产率随油脂含量的增加而增大;当有机负荷为50 kg VS/m3时,甲烷产率随油脂含量的增加先增大后减小;当有机负荷为60 kg VS/m3时甲烷产率随油脂含量的增加而减小。序批式实验中进料的最佳油脂含量和有机负荷分别为18.7%和42.9 kg VS/m3,对应响应面的理论容积产甲烷率最大值为32.74 L CH4/L。研究结论可以应用到实际工程中,为餐厨垃圾干式厌氧消化技术的推广提供一定的理论基础。     

长荡湖围堰干法环保清淤工程实施效果评价

内源污染是造成湖泊富营养化和水体重金属风险的重要来源。以长荡湖围堰干法清淤工程为例,探讨了清淤工程实施前后的底泥营养盐和重金属质量分数及上覆水体水质变化,开展了清淤工程实施效果评价,提出了围堰干法清淤工艺适用性思考。结果表明,围堰干法清淤工程对底泥的部分营养盐去除效果良好,底泥中有机质含量的平均降低幅度为27.09%,14个采样点位中,有11个点位清淤后底泥有机质平均含量低于清淤前;清淤后的底泥TN质量分数比清淤前平均降低76.95%,底泥TN质量分数得到有效削减;清淤后底泥TP质量分数比清淤前提高了35.16%,原因可能与采样季节、采样方法、磷素沉积及清淤过程中的机械干扰有关。清淤工程有效降低了底泥重金属风险,对底泥镉的平均去除率为76.00%,清淤后没有点位底泥生态风险等级超过“中风险”,底泥生态风险显著降低。清淤工程实施前后上覆水体水质无明显变化,清淤后水质仍处于Ⅳ类―V类水,超标因子为TN和TP。围堰干法施工有效降低了长荡湖底泥中部分营养盐和重金属赋存量,但是软弱地基区域施工机械难以实施,机械操作可能造成下层底泥的翻动,部分区域难以完全实现预期清淤目标。该研究结果表明,应综合考虑清淤目标和施工机械、场地条件等影响因素合理选择清淤工艺和确定清淤深度。     

Telomere length in workers was effected by omethoate exposure and interaction between smoking and p21 polymorphisms

Abstract

Omethoate is an organophosphorus pesticide that poses a major health hazard, especially DNA damage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting telomere length in workers exposed to omethoate by analyzing the interaction between cell cycle gene polymorphism and environmental factors. The exposure group consisted of 118 workers exposed to omethoate for 8–10?years, the control group comprised 115 healthy people without occupational toxicant exposure history. The telomere length of genomic DNA from peripheral blood leucocyte was determined with real-time PCR. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to detect the polymorphisms in p53, p21 and MDM2 gene. The telomere length in the (CA?+?AA) genotypes for p21 rs1801270 polymorphism was longer than that in the CC genotype in control group (P?=?0.015). The generalized linear model analysis indicated the interaction of the p21 rs1801270 polymorphic (CA?+?AA) genotypes and smoking has a significant effect on telomere length (β = ?0.258, P?=?0.085). The prolongation of telomere length in omethoate-exposed workers was associated with genotypes (CA?+?AA) of p21 rs1801270, and interactions of (CA?+?AA) genotypes and smoking factor.     

隧道与横通道交叉角对火灾烟气蔓延影响机制研究

为探索隧道与横通道交叉角对火灾烟气蔓延的影响机制,采用FDS数值模拟,研究横通道与隧道不同交叉角情况下火灾烟气温度、浓度、烟气层高度等的变化规律,建立开启火源下风向横通道时隧道内烟气最高温度修正公式,提出烟气纵向蔓延恢复长度的概念,并探讨其影响规律。 结果表明:隧道和横通道交叉角越小,隧道内同一位置烟气层高度越高,当交叉角由90°降低到30°时,烟气层高度最大增加32%;烟气纵向蔓延恢复长度与交叉角及通风速率呈正相关,而与火源功率几乎无关。研究结果对隧道通风排烟系统设计及相关标准的制定具有参考意义。