粤西震旦系含金建造及与金矿的关系

粤西震旦系Z~b组和Z~c组是重要的含金建造。原岩为一套陆源碎屑岩,其中夹有少量中酸性凝灰岩。建造中的金丰度高于克拉克值2-4倍,金的丰度及其分布主要受变质岩的基性程度,硫化物及有机质数量控制。     

生活污水为主要补给源的城郊排水沟渠氮磷滞留特征

为揭示生活污水补给影响下排水沟渠氮、磷滞留特征,以合肥市城郊结合部的关镇河支渠为对象,以NH₄Cl和KH₂PO₄为添加营养盐,以NaCl为保守型示踪剂,开展5次现场示踪试验. 在此基础上,利用OTIS(one-dimensional transport with inflow and storage)模型估算D(扩散系数)、A(渠道过水断面面积)、A_s(暂态存储区断面面积)、α(暂态存储交换系数)、λ(主流区溶质一阶吸收系数)和λ_s(暂态存储区吸收系数);并利用营养螺旋原理,计算营养盐的S_w(吸收长度)、V_f(吸收速度)和U(吸收速率)等. 结果表明:①A_s/A具有随流量减小而增大的变化特征,平均值为0.35;5次试验得到的α均处在10-3数量级水平,平均值为2.49×10-3 s-1. ②S_w-NH₄和S_w-PO₄(分别表示NH₄-N和PO₄-P的S_w,下同)均较大,最大值分别达934 020、47 518 m,意味着关镇河支渠已基本不具备氮、磷滞留能力;而S_w-NH₄和S_w-PO₄均不同程度地出现负值,表明该支渠还具有“源”的作用. ③V_f-NH₄与河水平均深度、渠道流量均呈显著负相关,V_f-PO₄和U-PO₄与渠道水面宽度均呈显著正相关. ④NH₄-N和PO₄-P的营养螺旋指标与其相应质量浓度背景值无明显相关性.      

基于协调度函数的碳排放初始权区域分配模型研究

针对目前碳排放初始权区域分配模型中分配原则、指标体系不一致的问题,提出了碳排放初始权区域分配协调度概念,并确定了公平性原则、效率性原则、可持续发展原则、保障工业生产原则、保护环境原则作为碳排放初始权区域分配的具体原则,构造了基于各个分配原则下的碳排放初始权区域分配协调度子函数,建立了以碳排放初始权分配系统协调度最大为目标的协调度分配模型。将此模型应用到华东电网区域的碳排放初始权分配中,结果表明该模型合理、有效、可行性高,能较好的兼顾各个分配原则。该区域分配模型不依赖分配指标体系,能有效避免分配指标体系混乱问题,所建立的模型可以为碳排放初始权区域分配的研究提供借鉴。     

静态应力降与动态应力降比值方法在东北地区震后趋势判定中的应用

计算静态应力降与动态应力降之比Y值,根据Y值的大小初步判定地震类型,是震后趋势判定的一种新方法,对震后趋势快速判定有一定意义。通过计算我省历年有影响地震的Y值,发现2005年以来黑龙江省及其周边地区中强地震静态应力降与动态应力降之比(Y值)在0.3~0.6之间,总体来说Y值较大,其地震类型以孤立型地震为主,吉林省前郭县地震Y值为0.37,与我省其他中强地震相比,Y值相对较低,初步判定为震群型地震。     

基于InVEST模型的北京山区森林生态系统碳储量评估分析

本文基于北京山区遥感影像数据和标准样地调查数据,利用In VEST模型碳储量模块,评估分析了北京山区森林生态系统的碳储量。结果表明,北京山区森林生态系统的平均碳密度为99. 95 Mg/hm~2,其中乔木层、灌木层、草本层、凋落物层和土壤层平均碳密度分别为10. 51、3. 16、0. 86、8. 61、76. 81 Mg/hm~2。植被碳密度与土壤碳密度呈现显著正相关关系,土壤碳密度与凋落物碳密度呈现显著正相关关系。各林分类型平均碳密度表现为落叶针叶林(153. 99 Mg/hm~2)针阔混交林(132. 45Mg/hm~2)落叶阔叶林(125. 10 Mg/hm~2)常绿针叶林(111. 78 Mg/hm~2)灌木林(72. 26 Mg/hm~2)。北京山区森林生态系统总碳储量为77. 41 Tg,其中乔木层、灌木层、草本层、凋落物层和土壤层的碳储量分别为8. 14、2. 45、0. 67、6. 67、59. 48 Tg。各林分类型总碳储量表现为落叶阔叶林(43. 23 Tg)灌木林(25. 90 Tg)常绿针叶林(6. 21 Tg)针阔混交林(1. 42 Tg)落叶针叶林(0. 65 Tg)。落叶阔叶林和灌木林是北京山区森林生态系统碳储量的主要贡献者,分别占55. 84%和33. 46%。在北京山区各个区县中,怀柔区碳储量最高(15. 37 Tg),平谷区碳储量最低(4. 89 Tg)。北京山区森林生态系统碳储量分布不均,总体表现为北京山区北部区县较高,西部区县偏低,中部和东部最低。     

Statistical regression modeling for energy consumption in wastewater treatment

Wastewater treatment is one of critical issues faced by water utilities, and receives more and more attentions recently. The energy consumption modeling in biochemical wastewater treatment was investigated in the study via a general and robust approach based on Bayesian semi-parametric quantile regression. The dataset was derived from a municipal wastewater treatment plant, where the energy consumption of unit chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction was the response variable of interest. Via the proposed approach, the comprehensive regression pictures of the energy consumption and truly influencing factors, i.e., the regression relationships at lower, median and higher energy consumption levels were characterized respectively. Meanwhile, the proposals for energy saving in different cases were also facilitated specifically. First, the lower level of energy consumption was closely associated with the temperature of influent wastewater, and the chroma-rich wastewater also showed helpful in the execution of energy saving. Second, at median energy consumption level, the COD-rich wastewater played a determinative role in the reduction of energy consumption, while the higher quality of treated water led to slightly energy intensive. Third, the higher level of energy consumption was most likely to be attributed to the relatively high temperature of wastewater and total nitrogen (TN)-rich wastewater, and both of the factors were preferably to be avoided to alleviate the burden of energy consumption. The study provided an efficient approach to controlling the energy consumption of wastewater treatment in the perspective of statistical regression modeling, and offered valuable suggestions for the future energy saving.     

Pilot-scale experiments on multilevel contact oxidation treatment of poultry farm wastewater using saran lock carriers under different operation model

A pilot-scale multilevel contact oxidation reactors system, coupled with saran lock carriers,was applied for the treatment of poultry farm wastewater. The removal efficiencies of CODcr, ammonia, and the total nitrogen as well as the elimination performance of CODcr and total nitrogen along the three-level contact oxidation tanks under six designed operational models were investigated. Based on the performance of the nitrogen removal of the saran lock carriers and the distribution of anoxic–aerobic interspace under the suitable operation model, the mechanism of nitrogen removal of the system was also explored. The results revealed that the intermittent aeration under parallel model is the most suitable operation model, while the removal efficiencies of CODcr, ammonia, and the total nitrogen were 86.86%, 84.04%, and 80.96%, respectively. The effluent concentration of CODcr,ammonia, and the total nitrogen were 55.6 mg/L, 8.3 mg/L, and 12.0 mg/L, which satisfy both the discharge standard of pollutants for livestock and poultry breeding industry(GB18596–2001) and the first grade of the integrated wastewater discharge standard(GB 8978–1996). Moreover, the mechanism for the nitrogen removal should be attributed to the plenty of anoxic–aerobic interspaces of the biofilm and the three-dimensional spiral structure of the saran lock carriers, where the oxygen-deficient distribution was suitable for the happening of the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process. Therefore, the multilevel contact oxidation tanks system is an effective pathway for the treatment of the poultry farm wastewater on the strength of a suitable operation model and novel carriers.     

中国典型城市PM2.5浓度时空演绎规律及影响因素分析

为探讨空气中ρ（PM_2.5）的空间集聚特征和气候、大气成分变量对空气中ρ（PM_2.5）的影响,利用首批纳入PM_2.5监测的74个城市的ρ（PM_2.5）数据计算Moran's I指数,并选取其中38个典型城市进行计量分析.在基于引力模型的空间权重矩阵基础上,构建面板数据SDM（空间面板杜宾模型）.结果表明:ρ（PM₁₀）、ρ（SO₂）、ρ（CO）、ρ（O₃）、RH（relative humidity,相对湿度）与城市ρ（PM_2.5）呈正相关,而T（temperature,温度）和WS（wind speed,风速）与城市ρ（PM_2.5）呈负相关;ρ（PM₁₀）、ρ（CO）、RH是位于前3位影响城市ρ（PM_2.5）的关键性因素,其总效应分别为0.720 1、0.241 7、0.133 9.地理上邻近城市ρ（PM_2.5）具有明显的外部空间溢出效应,即邻近城市ρ（PM_2.5）每增加10百分点,将导致该地区ρ（PM_2.5）增长6.12百分点.300 km左右是保证PM_2.5区域"联防联控"最佳效果的最大门槛距离,超过该门槛距离,区域"联防联控"的力度和效果会随着距离的增加而逐渐减弱;当门槛距离大于500 km时,ρ（PM_2.5）的空间自相关性不显著.气候变量中,RH和ρ（PM_2.5）呈同方向变化,而T、WS与ρ（PM_2.5）呈反方向变化.研究显示,关注单一地区或单一因素（气候或大气成分）均不能有效控制PM_2.5污染,在保持经济稳定增长的前提下,各地治理PM_2.5应从调整产业结构、优化能源结构、完善防控机制等多个维度共同推进,促使经济增长方式早日从"粗放型"向"集约型"转变.      

太行山脉不同量级降雨侵蚀力时空变化特征

基于太行山脉及其周边地区76个气象监测站点1954-2016年逐日降雨数据,建立了基于不同量级侵蚀性年降雨量模拟年降雨侵蚀力的简易模型,并采用气候倾向率、小波周期分析、重心模型、Co-Kriging插值、Mann-kendall非参数趋势检验以及突变分析等方法,分析了不同量级降雨侵蚀力时空变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明：（1）太行山脉地区年降雨侵蚀力简易模型为y=0.182x₁^1.095+5.463x₂^0.982+9.401x₃^1.017+15.258x₄-26.753,且多年降雨侵蚀力呈小幅上升趋势,10年间上升了2.4 MJ·mm·hm^-2·h^-1·a^-1,同时存在约20年的主周期和6年的小周期变化,并在1996年发生显著突变;中雨和大雨侵蚀力63年间均呈上升趋势,而暴雨和特大降雨侵蚀力呈下降趋势;春秋两季主要受中雨和大雨侵蚀力的影响,而夏季则主要受特大降雨侵蚀力的影响。（2）太行山脉地区各量级降雨侵蚀力最大值主要分布于太行山脉东南部以及五台山地区,最小值主要分布于地区的东北部;运用重心模型发现各量级降雨侵蚀力重心在春夏季节整体向东部以及东北部地区进行迁移,而秋冬季节则向南部以及西南地区迁移,形成一个循环,且与冬夏季风的控制时间相符。（3）太行山脉地区不同量级降雨侵蚀力与侵蚀性降雨量均呈显著正相关（P<0.01）,大雨和特大降雨侵蚀力分别与纬度、海拔呈显著负相关（P<0.05）,这主要与副热带高压移动、地形、海拔以及自然地理环境等因素有关。     

省域生态环境质量动态评价及差异研究

以2010~2015年30个省域为研究对象，采用“驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应”框架构建评价指标体系，运用逐层纵横向拉开档次法确定指标权重，运用“时间度”和“熵值”法确定时间权重，构建TOWA-GA混合算子生态环境质量动态评价模型.结果表明：6a来，30个省域生态环境质量总体均值为0.837，整体呈好转趋势，但省域间差异明显.通过Theil指数分析发现，省域间总体差异下降了15.91%，人口密度和人口自然增长率是省域间差异的主要影响因素.