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161.
162.
喀斯特石山地区社会经济与生态环境可持续发展系统研究:以桂西北为例 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本建立了广西西北部喀斯特石山地区可持续发展的系统动力学模型。并用DYNAMO程序预测了未来20年桂西北地区的人口、工业、农业、第三产业,生态环境,土地资源,社会总产值,人均国民收人等的动态变化趋势,结果显示,该地区由于人口,工业资产增加使物质和能源消耗增长太快,而对污染治理的投入又太少,导致桂西北地区的生存环境质量下降,因此应当加大对污染治理的投入力度,改善区域环境质量,这是实现息烽县区域可持续发展的关键,根据区域特点探讨了桂西北喀斯特贫困山区的形成演化,提出了可持续发展的途径。 相似文献
163.
Bernard Roy Roman Slowiski Wiktor Treichel 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1992,28(1):13-31
ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to present a multicriteria methodology for decision aid at the stage of programming a water supply system (WSS) for a rural area. The programming stage is an intermediate one between planning and designing water supply facilities, and can be decomposed into two problems: (a) setting up a priority order of water users, taking into account socio-economic criteria; and (b) choosing the best technical variant of the WSS. Among the criteria considered for the latter problem, there is a criterion of distance between the socio-economic priorities of users and the precedence orders of users according to the technical programming, which plays a coordinating role between problems (a) and (b). All steps of the presented methodology are illustrated by a real case study. 相似文献
164.
Seok-Ku Ko Darrell G. Fontane John W. Labadie 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1992,28(1):111-127
ABSTRACT: Development of optimal operational policies for large-scale reservoir systems is often complicated by a multiplicity of conflicting project uses and purposes. A wide range of multiobjective optimization methods are available for appraising tradeoffs between conificting objectives. The purpose of this study is to provide guidance as to those methods which are best suited to dealing with the challenging large-scale, nonlinear, dynamic, and stochastic characteristics of multireservoir system operations. As a case study, the selected methodologies are applied to the Han River Reservoir System in Korea for four principal project objectives: water supply and low flow augmentation; annual hydropower production, reliable energy generation, and minimization of risk of violating firm water supply requirements. Additional objectives such as flood control are also considered, but are imposed as fixed constraints. 相似文献
165.
E T. Foster T. C. Chen J. P. Newton E. O. Isu 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1972,8(5):863-870
ABSTRACT. Theoretical and practical results are summarized for a study to determine optimal water resource allocation in a proposed water conservancy district. The area of this district, which covers several river basins, contains a large number of existing and proposed facilities such as reservoirs and diversions. The operation of all of these facilities was to be determined along with the sizing of the proposed facilities in order to optimize given objective functions. Related efforts in optimal river basin utilization were surveyed, and linear programming was selected as an expedient optimization technique. The problem is formulated by identifying time stages which together constitute a repetitive cycle such as a year. With these stages, it is possible to associate operational and capacity variables with network components, which are branches and nodes. Objective functions are assembled for the component variables. Constraint equations are written in terms of the variables to reflect network nodal continuity, capacity restrictions, and adjudications such as water rights. A numerical example is considered in which the existing and proposed facilities are aggregated to produce a small, tractable number of facilities. This paper examines the example results and suggests future improvements for models of this type. 相似文献
166.
Patrick A. Mower J. Philip J. O'Kane Jerry D.F. Sherrif Tim Wyatt J. David Barrett 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1971,7(4):831-843
ABSTRACT .Operating rule procedures are developed for the optimal use of desalination in conjunction with surface water impoundments. Results obtained from the use of hill-climbing and dynamic programming methods are compared. Benefits to be obtained from the integrated use of desalination are demonstrated through a case study for the Barcelona area of Spain. 相似文献
167.
Neil L. Drobny 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1971,7(6):1180-1193
Applications of linear programming to water quality and water quantity problems are discussed, and a fairly comprehensive sample of recent literature in these areas is reviewed. Basic elements of linear programming are also discussed. Emphasis is placed on the elements of linear programming that make it a useful tool for analyzing water resource problems and the basic features of various water resource problems that render them amenable to meaningful analysis by linear programming. 相似文献
168.
基于遥感与GIS的土地利用动态变化研究 总被引:31,自引:0,他引:31
土地是人类社会经济活动的载体;土地利用是指人类对作为生产生活资料的土地的利用方式和强度;而土地利用动态变化则反映了土地利用方式的发展变化趋势。土地利用动态变化在数量,方式,强度,结构和趋势等方面存在很大的差异。全面,客观地反映土地利用动态变化有利于正确认识当前土地利用中合理和不合理的利用方式,为制定长期,可持续发展的土地管理和土地规划提供依据。遥感技术提供巨大而丰富的信息源,GIS技术具有强大的数据处理,空间分析等功能,二者的结合有着传统方式无法比拟的优越性,具有周期短,效率高,费用低等特点,在土地利用变化监测中发挥着巨大的作用。制定详细的技术手段,对重庆市15年间的土地利用及其动态变化在时间序列和空间序列上加以分析,阐明这种变化的外在表象,即耕地,林地的减少和城镇用地的增加;同时分析这种变化的内在驱动力主要为自然环境(坡度,高程,土壤等)和人文要素(经济条件与人口压力等)。为国土资源的有效可持续利用提供决策依据。 相似文献
169.
170.
Manoliadis OG 《Environmental management》2001,28(4):497-504
Irrigation management calls for objective criteria capable of representing the economy, reliability, and productivity of irrigation
systems. These criteria must be compatible with long-term sustainability and conservation goals. The criteria representing
the above goals are the economic effect of management on yield reduction, economic effect, and reliability referring to plant
growth and operation of the network. In this study environmental indices are introduced to express the above criteria in quantitative
terms. The inclusion of these indices at the farm and network level create a multicriteria framework for decision-making based
on composite programming. An experimental study was conducted during the irrigation periods of 1989 and 1990 in Chania, Greece,
concerning water delivered to 40 experimental plots, soil moisture content at the rootzone, and irrigation system operational
failures. The data collected in real time were used for the calculation of the corresponding environmental indices. The variation
in time and space is high and resulted in up to 62% of yield loss and low system performance (up to 7% of system temporal
reliability). The study indicated that environmental indices could be incorporated to select alternatives and also to develop
policies on water delivery. The final decision involves a trade-off analysis between cost of application and desired system
performance. Measures of both primary objectives can be obtained using environmental indices that represent system operation
aggregation at its basic levels (on farm and network). 相似文献