多孔球三相流化床冷态试验的研究

对多孔球为填料的三相流化床进行冷态试验研究,研究不同工况下气体空塔流速、填料静止高度、喷淋密度等因素对流化床阻力特性和脱硫效率的影响.试验表明,用多孔球替代空心球做填料,不仅可以消除空心球在流化过程中出现的问题,还可以适当提高脱硫效率.     

对苯二甲酸降解菌固定化生物流化床处理精对苯二甲酸废水

采用微生物筛选、纯化技术,获得了降解对苯二甲酸（TA）的YPC—TA1,YPC—TA2,YPC-TA3,YPC—TA44株菌株。将筛选出的TA降解菌固定化,处理初始TA质量浓度为2650mg／L的模拟废水,降解36h后TA去除率达100％。用TA降解芮在生物流化床反应器中处理PTA废水,最佳容积负荷为6.7kg／（m^3·d）。生物流化床反应器可在容积负荷为6．0～6．5kg／（m^3·d）的较佳条件下长周期稳定运行,COD去除率保持在91％左右,TA去除率保持在94％左右。低pH废水冲击和高容积负荷废水冲击时COD,TA去除率均明显下降,恢复正常讲水后3～4d,COD,TA去除率均恢复正常。     

MBBR处理制药废水的试验研究

采用二级移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)处理呋喃铵盐制药废水。在填充比为40%,总水力停留时间为32h时,COD的去除率为88.6%,TN的去除率为25.7%,第二级反应器对NH3-N的去除率为56.2%。     

超重力技术治理火炸药行业氮氧化物的初步研究

火炸药行业排放氮氧化物(NOX)具有浓度高、排放点不集中和间歇排放的特点,采用超重力技术对尾气中高浓度的NOX进行湿法吸收.以清水为吸收剂,研究了进气量、液气比和超重力因子等因素对NOX吸收率的影响.结果表明,单级NOX吸收率可达64.69%(β＝90).超重力旋转填料床具有占地面积小、投资低和操作方便等优点,适宜于火炸药行业吸收NOX.     

低COD浓度废水启动EGSB反应器

以厌氧活性污泥和好氧活性污泥接种于2个膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器中,进水流量为10 mL/min,回流量为180 mL/min,进水COD浓度在180 mg/L左右,有机负荷率(OLR)为1.728 kg COD/m3·d左右,污泥负荷率(SLR)为0.19 kg COD/kg MLSS·d左右,出水COD浓度维持在40mg/L左右,COD去除率达80%以上.控制温度在32～35 ℃,pH在6.8～7.2,反应器内氧化还原电位在-340 mV以下,水力停留时间(HRT)4.2 h,上升流速4.86 m/h以及加入80 mg/L絮凝剂(硫酸铝钾),缩短了启动时间,促进了颗粒污泥的形成.分别经过60 d和120 d运行,反应器启动成功.结果表明,上升流速、絮凝剂和污泥类型对颗粒污泥的形成有影响;接种好氧活性污泥在低浓度COD下,合理控制负荷速率能成功启动EGSB反应器.     

MBBR与A/O法对污水中有机物及氮处理效果的研究

实验在不同水力停留时间（HRT）、进水COD浓度和不同COD容积负荷条件下考察了移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR）和活性污泥A/O工艺对污水中有机物及氮的处理效果。结果表明,MBBR工艺去除有机物和脱氮效果均优于A/O工艺。在进水COD和NH₃－N浓度分别为1000和25 mg/L,HRT为8 h时,MBBR的COD和TN去除率分别为92％和94％,而A/O工艺分别为78％和82％。造成这种结果的原因是MBBR的生物活性高,并且在生物膜内发生了同时硝化反硝化。MBBR脱氮能力受COD冲击明显小于A/O,但在较低进水COD浓度下,两者TN去除率均较低。     

出口小家电产品环境适应性试验中常见问题及分析

本文介绍了小家电产品在环境检测中常见的安全问题,分析其通常存在的不符合IEC标准的条款和产生的原因,提出了解决类似问题的措施,从而提高出口小家电产品的安全性能.     

广西合浦海草床面临的威胁与保护对策

2003年7月对广西合浦海草床进行了现场调查,并对海草床周围利益相关者进行抽样问卷调查.结果表明当地社会经济发展和居民生活对海草所在的海域依赖程度比较高;合浦海草床目前所面临的威胁主要以人为破坏因素为主:挖沙虫、挖螺、耙螺,围网捕渔、电鱼虾,插桩养蚝,底拖网作业等;海草床退化的因果链分析结果表明,为增加经济收入是产生这些人为破坏因素的主要原因.最后综合分析了该区域海草保护与管理所面临的主要问题,并提出了相应的保护对策.     

Anaerobic tapered fluidized bed reactor for starch wastewater treatment and modeling using multilayer perceptron neural network

Anaerobic treatability of synthetic sago wastewater was investigated in a laboratory anaerobic tapered fluidized bed reactor(ATFBR) with a mesoporous granular activated carbon(GAC)as a support material.The experimental protocol was defined to examine the effect of the maximum organic loading rate(OLR),hydraulic retention time(HRT),the efficiency of the reactor and to report on its steady- state performance.The reactor was subjected to a steady-state operation over a range of OLR up to 85.44 kg COD/(m~3.d).The COD removal efficiency was found to be 92% in the reactor while the biogas produced in the digester reached 25.38 m~3/(m~3·d) of the reactor. With the increase of OLR from 83.7 kg COD/(m~3.d),the COD removal efficiency decreased.Also an artificial neural network(ANN) model using multilayer perceptron(MLP)has been developed for a system of two input variable and five output dependent variables. For the training of the input-output data,the experimental values obtained have been used.The output parameters predicted have been found to be much closer to the corresponding experimental ones and the model was validated for 30% of the untrained data.The mean square error(MSE)was found to be only 0.0146.     

Identifying and modeling key trade-offs between hydrogen fuel cell and electric vehicles

Through a sensitivity analysis, the trade-off between vehicle range and CO₂ emissions is investigated as a function of electric emissions coefficient. Various powertrains were analysed for use in a small crossover sport utility vehicle. Gasoline, gasoline electric hybrid, diesel, fuel cell and battery electric vehicles (BEVs) were considered. Using various upstream fuel pathways and a model for vehicle performance, emissions and energy use were estimated. The hydrogen fuel cell vehicle was found preferable to BEVs under conditions of high CO₂ emissions per kW-hr and a high vehicle range requirement. The BEV was preferable for all other conditions.