集水花坛对农村区域初期地表径流的净化效果

针对农村集中居住区地表硬化,高氮磷浓度的初期地表径流直排进而污染附近河道的问题,设计了“集水花坛-拦截沟”组合工艺,研究了4个不同水力停留时间(HRT)下处理初期地表径流的净化效果。结果表明：“集水花坛-拦截沟”组合工艺利用植物吸收、微生物降解及基质层吸附拦截的综合作用,有效降低了农村初期地表径流中的污染物浓度;在4种HRT条件下,该组合工艺均可快速去除径流水体中的悬浮物SS,去除率达96%以上;当HRT为3 d时,该组合工艺能够显著降低径流水体中的TN、TP及COD值,去除率分别达到90%、90%和75%以上,且出水TN和COD达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)Ⅲ类水标准,TP浓度达到V类水标准。以上结果可为农村初期地表径流的处理提供技术参考和数据支撑。     

钙基半干法燃煤烟气脱硫技术的影响因素

半干法烟气脱硫技术因具有耗水量少、产物易处理等特点而备受关注。基于固定床反应器研究了反应温度、脱硫剂Ca(OH)₂颗粒粒径、反应空速及烟气中水蒸气体积分数对Ca(OH)₂脱硫性能的影响。结果表明,Ca(OH)₂颗粒粒径的减小、反应空速的降低、烟气中水蒸气体积分数的提高及低反应温度等因素,有利于SO₂的脱除、Ca(OH)₂利用率的提高及Ca/S的降低。当Ca(OH)₂颗粒的平均粒径为0.58 mm、反应空速为2 500 h⁻¹、模拟烟气中水蒸气体积分数为12%、反应温度为55 ℃时,可获得最佳脱硫效果。在SO₂穿透浓度35 mg·Nm⁻³下,Ca(OH)₂的利用率可达到71.3%,此时Ca/S为1.4。在上述条件下,SO₂达到穿透浓度时,通过实施脉冲增湿可使穿透时间延长、Ca(OH)₂利用率进一步提升至75.7%。本研究结果可为半干法脱硫工艺的改进提供参考。     

循环流化床锅炉燃烧城市生活垃圾的研究进展

城市生活垃圾（MSW）产量的与日俱增及环保要求的不断提高，使循环流化床（CFB）燃烧技术逐渐在MSW的回收和利用方面扮演越来越重要的角色。简要分析了国内外采用分类回收及综合利用、卫生填埋、堆肥和一般焚烧方法处理MSW的不足之处以及采用CFB燃烧技术的优越性，重点介绍了国内外采用CFB燃烧装置焚烧MSW的研究和应用现状，指出了目前存在的问题及努力的方向。采用CFB燃烧装置焚烧MSW关于SO２、NOx、CO排放的实验研究和运行结果令人满意，但对HCl、二恶英及重金属排放还需要进一步研究。试验及实际运行结果都表明，采用CFB燃烧装置对MSW进行焚烧处理是切实可行的，它将是未来解决MSW问题的重要手段。     

合成洗涤剂废水处理的一种新工艺研究

在合成洗涤剂废水絮凝床预处理技术（ＣＦＢ）的实验研究基础上，成功地应用ＣＦＢ法配以简单的ＳＢＲ生化法处理了该类废水。为合成洗涤剂废水治理开辟了一条新的途径。     

行道树对城市道路交通环境的响应研究

以南方常见的8种城市行道树作为研究对象,并以各自在远离城市道路交通环境生长的树种作为对照,对行道树及其对照样品叶片和树皮的重金属铅和镉、电导率、pH值、叶片伤斑率及叶片表皮结构气孔数等进行测定,以探讨不同树种对交通环境的响应.结果表明,与对照树种比较,行道树叶片和树皮能累积城市道路交通环境中的重金属铅和镉,其电导率和叶片的伤斑率增加,pH值下降.叶片气孔数的变化随树种不同有所差别,如阴香〔Cinnamomumbur-manii(Nees)〕等的叶片气孔数比对照少,而细叶榕(FicusmicrocarpaL.)等比对照多.根据行道树的生长状况及净化重金属的能力,8种供试植物中,白兰(MicheliaalbaDC.)和垂叶榕(FicusbenjaminaL.)最适合选作行道树,而阴香因其在交通环境中生长不良,净化效益差,不宜选作交通密集区的行道树种.图3表3参17     

Phosphorus Storage in Fine Channel Bed Sediments

Deposition and storage of fine sediment on channel beds represents an important component of a catchment’s sediment budget and can have important implications for sediment-associated P fluxes, due to storage and remobilisation, and for P concentrations through water–sediment interactions. Spatial and temporal variations in P content and storage in fine bed sediment have been studied in two UK lowland catchments, the Rivers Frome and Piddle in Dorset. Fine bed sediment was sampled in representative reaches on a bi-monthly basis using a re-suspension cylinder, and the resulting samples were analysed for total P, a range of P fractions and particle size. The results demonstrate significant spatial and temporal variability in PP concentrations and storage, with maximum and minimum P concentrations and storage occurring in late summer and winter, respectively. Temporal variations in concentrations reflect residence times of the sediment and ambient P concentrations, while variations in storage are mainly due to hydrological regimes. Spatial variations reflect catchment characteristics, the location of inputs and local variations in hydrological and channel bed conditions.     

玉米粒为载体的流化床生物膜反应器处理印染废水

以废弃玉米粒为载体,在生物膜流化床试验装置上进行印染废水处理试验研究。结果表明,与炉渣载体比较成膜时间缩短2 d;形成的生物膜生长到载体内部,结合牢固;曝气量(20~30 L/h.L)受流化状况控制,比非生物质载体时略大,玉米粒含量为2~4 g/L时,COD、色度和浊度的去除率分别为72%、85%和86%。     

废旧电子电气设备回收处理的研究进展

概述了目前全球对废旧电子电气设备(Waste of Electronic Electric Equipment,简称WEEE)回收处理的基本情况,并根据废旧电子电气设备处理的特点,从机械物理处理方法、热化学处理方法以及处理过程中产生有毒有害物质的分离技术三方面,介绍近年来废旧电子电气设备回收处理的研究进展,最后指出了真空热解的使用将作为未来废旧电子电气设备处理的发展方向。     

Total and Extractable Trace Elements in Lebanese River Sediments: Dry Season Data

Years of political instability have left Lebanon with significant gaps in environmental knowledge. This paper reports new results for trace metals in bed sediments of the river Nahr-lbrahim. The drainage basin of the river Nahr-lbrahim is largely floored by karstified limestone. Metal pollution is operative within the catchment. The objectives of this study were first to identify possible sources of metals (geological and/or anthropogenic) and then to characterise the chemical partitioning of the metals in the sediments. Bed load sediments were sampled at five locations along a 13km stretch from the river mouth, during the dry season. Samples were collected on two dates, dried and then sieved into three mechanical fractions. We report total Fe, Cu, Pb and Zn contents of the <75m sediment fraction for the dry season and interpret the results in terms of geology and point and non-point discharges to the river. Total metal contents were derived from summing the concentrations of metals in the chemical fractions of the sediments. A sequential chemical extraction procedure was applied to the <75m fraction and the data showed that, except for Fe, the carbonate fraction had the largest role in metal sediment deposition.     

‘强化一级物化法’处理生活污水技术

以广州电池厂及华南缝纫机公司的生活污水治理工程为例,介绍了用EWP高效污水净化器的强化一级物化法处理城市生活污水的技术特点、工艺流程和工程实践。该物化法比常规的生化法降低投资成本1／2以上,占地面积减少2／3以上,处理效果较好。