采用支持向量机算法优化电化学处理油田污水的工艺参数

采用支持向量机(SVM)算法,将Box-Behnken设计法与支持向量回归算法(SVR)实验参数优化软件相结合,优化电化学去除油田污水COD的工艺参数。通过量子粒子群算法对SVM算法参数进行优化,从建立的回归模型中找到工艺参数的全局最佳点:电解时间60 min,电解电流3 A,三维电极填充料中石英砂质量695 g。模型得到的COD理论最优去除率为92.48%,验证实验得到的COD去除率为91.43%。     

混凝辅助电化学法处理橙黄G染料废水

以石墨板为阳极,研究了电化学氧化法对橙黄G染料废水的降解效果。比较了在NaCl、Na2 SO4以及NaCl与FeSO4·7H2O组合的支持电解质体系中的处理效果,同时考察了电压、初始pH、电解质浓度、电极间距和电解时间等因素对废水中橙黄G脱色率及COD去除率的影响。研究结果表明,橙黄G的脱色主要是活性氯的氧化作用,橙黄G分子的矿化可能主要是电解过程中产生的·OH的作用,FeSO4·7H2O的加入增加了混凝作用,使得处理效果进一步提高。最佳脱色条件下橙黄G脱色率和COD的去除率分别为97．6％和56．3％,B／C（BOD／COD）由0．09提高至0．41,可生化性有较大改善,并且随着降解时间的增加,COD去除率逐渐升高。此结果表明,橙黄G废水COD的去除相对于脱色存在滞后性。     

EC法处理选磷废水的研究

为解决磷矿浮选尾水的污染和回用问题，采用了EC法处理，结果表明，经处理的尾矿水可部分回用，并节省Na2CO3 43-65%，这一处理方法具有一定的实用价值。     

β-PbO2和BDD电极处理印染反渗透浓水性能

系统比较了β-PbO₂/Ti-Ti和BDD/Si-Ti两种电极体系处理实际印染行业反渗透浓水(ROC)的性能,考察了同步去除化学需氧量(COD)和总氮(TN)的动力学,以及对废水可生化性的改善情况.结果表明,BDD/Si-Ti电极体系的析氧电位(2.45V)和析氯电位(1.90V),以及阳极氧化电位和阴极还原电位的绝对值均高于β-PbO₂/Ti-Ti电极体系;两种电极体系对COD以及TN的去除符合拟一级动力学,其中BDD/Si-Ti电极体系对COD去除的表观速率常数和能量利用效率均优于β-PbO₂/Ti-Ti电极体系;而β-PbO₂/Ti-Ti电极体系对TN去除的表观速率常数和能量利用效率更优.β-PbO₂/Ti-Ti电极体系在5mA/cm²的电流密度下电解15min,可使反渗透浓水BOD/COD从0.18升至0.42(提高1.33倍),而BDD/Si-Ti电极体系仅提升0.78倍.两者相比,BDD/Si-Ti电极体系适用于矿化污染物,β-PbO₂/Ti-Ti电极体系适用于改善废水可生化性.     

电催化氧化降解大气中甲醛的研究

将有机废气通过高效微孔曝气转移到液相,采用活性碳纤维作为电极,研究不同鼓气速率和不同电压对处理效果的影响.结果表明,本方法适用于低浓度高气量有机废气的处理.在实验范围内,当曝气速率为20L·h-1,外加电压为5V的条件下,处理速率最稳定.     

Combined fluorescence and electrochemical investigation on the binding interaction between organic acid and human serum albumin

Human serum albumin (HSA) is a plasma protein responsible for the binding and transport of fatty acids and a variety of exogenous chemicals such as drugs and environmental pollutants. Such binding plays a crucial role in determining the ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) and bioavailability of the pollutants. We report investigation on the binding interaction between HSA and acetic acid (C2), octanoic acid (C8) and dodecanoic acid (C12) by the combination of site-specific fluorescent probe, tryptophan intrinsic fluorescence and tyrosine electrochemistry. Two fluorescent probes, dansylamide and dansyl-L-proline, were employed in the displacement measurement to study fatty acid interaction with the two drug-binding sites on HSA. Intrinsic fluorescence of tryptophan in HSA was monitored upon addition of the fatty acids into HSA. Electrocatalyzed response of the tyrosine residues in HSA by a redox mediator was used to investigate the binding interaction. Qualitatively, observations made by the three approaches are very similar. HSA did not show any change in either fluorescence or electrochemistry after mixing with C2, suggesting there is no significant interaction with the short-chain fatty acid. For C8, the measured signal dropped in a single-exponential fashion, indicative of independent and non-cooperative binding. The calculated association constant and binding ratio is 3.1×106 L/mol and 1 with drug binding Site I, 1.1×107 L/mol and 1 with Site II, and 7.0×104 L/mol and 4 with the tryptophan site. The measurement with C12 displayed multiple phases of fluorescence change, suggesting cooperativity and allosteric effect of C12 binding. These results correlate well with those obtained by the established methods, and validate the new approach as a viable tool to study the interactions of environmental pollutants with biological molecules.     

磁场对航空拖缆碳钢材料腐蚀行为影响研究

目的鉴于航空拖缆海洋环境使用的实际需要以及海洋环境中磁场对腐蚀的影响,展开磁场对航空拖缆碳钢材料腐蚀行为影响的研究。方法分别运用线性极化、交流阻抗以及电化学噪声等试验方法研究施加磁场扰动下碳钢腐蚀速度变化以及腐蚀机理。结果施加磁场后,阴极氧去极化过程和中间产物的形成过程在碳钢不同腐蚀状态下分别占主导地位。当磁场强度较低时,阴极氧去极化被抑制,是腐蚀速度的控制步骤,电荷转移电阻增大,腐蚀速度减小。磁场强度逐渐增大,中间产物的形成和转化过程逐渐成为主导因素,噪声电阻增大,腐蚀速度减小。结论磁场对航空拖缆碳钢材料的腐蚀速度产生影响。     

自动电位滴定法测定气田废水中的C1~-

利用电位滴定法在７１６ＤＭＳ型自动电位滴定仪上实现对气田废水中Ｃ１－的快速、灵敏、准确测定,避免了色度、浊度的干扰。对方法的检出限、标样和实际水样精密度、准确度,进行了全面的测定分析,并与硝酸银滴定法进行了对比。氯化物的检出限为０．３２ｍｇ／Ｌ;相对标准偏差小于等于２．１％,加标回收率在９８．９％１０１％范围内,对同一标样和实际样品的测定两种方法的结果吻合较好。     

电化学生物膜反硝化磁场促进效应

针对BER(电化学生物膜反应器)的传质问题,设计了MBER(磁场-电化学生物膜反应器).通过对不同电流强度下BER和MBER中NO3--N,NO2--N,NH4+-N和TN去除或产生情况的对比,以及不同电流强度下电流利用效率的分析发现,在HRT为10 h,温度为25℃,进水pH为7.8,进水ρ(NO3--N)为30 mg/L的运行条件下,MBER对NO3--N的去除率高出BER13%～38%,MBER对TN的去除率高出BER 10%～30%.且MBER在电流强度为70 mA时就达到最高去除率,而BER则需要电流强度为80 mA时才能达到最高去除率.试验证明磁场的存在促进了BER反硝化,提高了电流利用效率,使得MBER可以在较低电流强度下达到优于BER的脱氮效果.      

Effect of placement angles on wireless electrocoagulation for bipolar aluminum electrodes

A new electrocoagulation process based on bipolar aluminum electrode is proposed. The placement angles of bipolar electrode are key parameter. The numerical simulations support the experimental results. We in our previous study reported the wireless electrocoagulation (WEC) based on bipolar electrochemistry for water purification. One of the most important advantages of WEC is the omission of ohmic connection between bipolar electrode (BPE) and power supply, and thus the electrochemical reactions on BPE are driven by electric field in solution induced by driving electrodes. In this study, the impact of placement angle of bipolar aluminum electrode on WEC was investigated to provide a detailed analysis on the correlations between the bipolar electrode placement angle and bipolar electrocoagulation reactions. The results showed that the WEC cell with a horizontal BPE placed at 0° produced the maximum dissolved aluminum coagulant, accounting for 71.6 % higher than that with a vertical one placed at 90°. Moreover, the finite element simulations of current and potential distribution were carried out along the surface of BPE at different placement angles, revealing the mechanism of different BPE placement angles on aluminum dissolution rates in WEC system.