Environmental impact of electromagnetic radiation from the 10 kW medium wave transmitter of Weihai Broadcasting Station

The attenuation of electrical field intensity , E , from an electromagnetic source , with the reciprocalof distance, 1/r, was studied using a theoretical calculation method and field simulation measurements. For a10 kW medium wave length transmitter , the electrical field E near the ground (2m above the ground) is lessthan 25 V/m for r>75m from the transmitter , which is lower than the ″Second Class Standard″ of the StateStandard, GB 9175-88. For r>150m, the electrical field E near the ground is less than 10 V/m, which islower than the ″First Class Standard″ . However, at places such as the platform on top of the buildings within200m from the transmitter, the field intensity is so strong that it exceeds the state standard value and that in-jures to human bodies can be caused by metal structures poorly earthed due to induced charge and secondaryradiation.     

平原井灌区土壤水库调蓄能力分析

20世纪80年代以来,由于干旱少雨,北方井灌地区农田地下水位普遍下降,由此使得农田土壤的蓄水能力发生变化。论文根据北京市水利科学研究所在北京市东南郊水资源试验区取得的试验资料,以0～3m土层作为土壤水库的界定深度,分析其对降雨的调蓄能力;经计算,1991～1995年间,春末夏初雨季前,土壤水库的有效调节能力,多年平均值为137.4mm(0～2m)和188.8mm(0～3m)。分析表明,0～3m层土壤有很好的蓄雨调节能力,雨季平均有近85%的降水量滞蓄在3m土层内,其余蒸腾、蒸发散失或补给地下水。研究认为,在田间采取一定的拦蓄水措施,即使遇到10年一遇24小时p=200mm这样的大暴雨,是可以做到农田地表不产流或少产流,从而最大限度地拦蓄汛期降水,增加土壤水资源量的。     

广东省稻田肥料施用现状及其合理性评估

分析了近十几年来广东省稻田肥料的施用量以及施肥对水稻产量、土壤有机质和养分的影响,并就肥料品种搭配、养分数量及配比、施肥时期、施肥方法、肥料利用率等方面对肥料施用的合理性进行了评估。通过与国内外有关资料的对比分析.结果表明,广东省稻田肥料施用仍有较大的潜力,有必要采取措施进一步发挥,以促进农作物优质高产。     

高强度连作下露天菜地土壤次生盐渍化及其影响因素研究

采集佛山市南海区露天菜地表层土壤,测定其硝酸盐含量和全盐量,分析珠江三角洲典型区域蔬菜地土壤次生盐渍化的发生现状和原因,为制定合理的施肥和管理措施提供科学依据。结果表明,1)136个土壤样本硝态氮质量分数在1.070～854.4mg/kg,平均值为194.3mg/kg,有19.9%的土壤样本硝态氮质量分数超过300mg/kg,已达到极高水平;全盐质量分数在0.02～2.7g/kg,平均值为1.2g/kg,有12.5%的土壤样本全盐质量分数已超过2.0g/kg的轻度盐化标准。2)土壤硝态氮质量分数与全盐质量分数之间具有一定的相关性,经统计检验相关系数达极显著水准(r=0.5665,n=131,P<0.01)。3)高强度连作露天菜地土壤的硝态氮质量分数和可溶性盐分浓度已经接近多年塑料大棚水平。4)综合而言,导致土壤次生盐渍化的原因有气候条件、土壤质地、地下水位、灌溉方式、不合理施肥等,而过量施肥及高强度连作可能是引起南海区露天菜地土壤次生盐渍化的主要因素。     

Comparison of Spatial Methods for the Assessment of Planktonic Patches

Planktonic patches are defined as areas where the abundance of plankters is above a threshold value τ. The estimation of patch size and shape can be approached using spatial statistical tools, using truncated random fields or indicator random fields as classifiers. In all cases there is the risk of false positive and false negative errors. In this paper we present the results of a comparative study on the performance of four commonly used methods: conditional simulation and kriging, both in the original measurement units of the data and under an indicator transform. We used a misclassification cost function to compare the four methods. Our results show that conditional simulation in the original measurement units attains the lowest misclassification cost. We also illustrate how the point at which this minimum is attained can be used to chose an optimal cut-off value for binary classification. Received: December 2003 / Revised: June 2005     

三硬条件下孤岛区域大直径钻孔防冲方案优化

忻州窑矿是典型的冲击地压矿井,为确保忻州窑矿8939三硬条件孤岛工作面安全高效回采,采用理论计算的方法,得出在该地质条件下卸压钻孔参数的合理范围,并采用数值模拟方法对理论计算得出的参数范围进行深入研究,得出适合该地质条件下的大直径卸压钻孔优化方案。采用KBD5电磁辐射仪对卸压效果进行了检验,结果表明,经过优化,煤体内电磁辐射强度较原卸压方案降低了15.7%,累计脉冲数降低了16.6%。方案优化后不但提升了卸压效果,而且节省了约690个钻孔和30%的工作量。     

基于现场的电磁干扰工程分析方法

目的探讨机载平台的通信设备电磁干扰故障分析方法。方法以某型机载平台的电子通信设备电磁干扰故障为对象,在满足GJB 151或DO-160等电磁兼容要求和测试标准基础上,分析安装条件、系统架构及工作原理,通过计算和必要的测试建立故障分析数据表单,对被干扰设备非正常工作条件进行解析和仿真测试,得出解决方案。结果总结出基于现场的电磁干扰工程分析方法。结论外场条件下测试手段有限,通过该方法,可结合平台实际安装情况,给出针对性的有效解决方案。     

2450MHz电磁波污泥脱水过程中的温度效应

采用2450MHz电磁波进行污泥脱水,研究电磁波加载过程中污泥温度变化对于剩余污泥性质和溶出效应的影响.研究发现,经电磁波加载后,污泥的容积指数（SVI）随着温度的升高而降低,在温度为80℃时由原泥的130.73mL/g降至最低值95.25mL/g,污泥沉降性能得到改善;经电磁波加载后,污泥离心含水率也随着温度的升高持续降低,最低降到80℃时的93.52%;污泥的毛细吸水时间（CST）在60℃时由原泥的29.4s降至最低值23.2s,污泥比阻（SRF）始终高于初始值,说明电磁波的加载一定程度上可以改善剩余污泥的离心脱水和板框压滤脱水效果,但不利于剩余污泥的真空抽滤.在电磁波加载过程中,检测污泥胞外聚合物（EPS）及上清液中可溶性化学需氧量（SCOD）的含量,发现污泥温度升高有利于污泥胞内物质的溶出.在80℃时,污泥上清液中SCOD含量由初始的124.1mg/L增大到883.4mg/L;同时也发现,温度高于60℃后,污泥中微生物细胞破壁更明显,污泥EPS含量随之发生变化,对污泥脱水性能的影响更加显著.     

Occupational exposure to electric and magnetic fields during tasks at ground or floor level at 110 kV substations in Finland

The aim was to investigate occupational exposure to electric and magnetic fields during tasks at ground or floor level at 110?kV substations in Finland and to compare the measured values to Directive 2013/35/EU. Altogether, 347 electric field measurements and 100 magnetic field measurements were performed. The average value of all electric fields was 2.3?kV/m (maximum 6.4?kV/m) and that of magnetic fields was 5.8?µT (maximum 51.0?µT). It can be concluded that the electric and magnetic field exposure at ground or floor level is typically below the low action levels of Directive 2013/35/EU. The transposition of the directive will not create new needs to modify the work practice of the evaluated tasks, which can continue to be performed as before. However, for workers with medical implants, the exposure may be high enough to cause interference.     

Reducing nitrogen runoff from paddy fields with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under different fertilizer regimes

Nitrogen(N) runoff from paddy fields serves as one of the main sources of water pollution. Our aim was to reduce N runoff from paddy fields by fertilizer management and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF). In northeast China, Shuangcheng city in Heilongjiang province, a field experiment was conducted, using rice provided with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%,and 100% of the local norm of fertilization(including N, phosphorus and potassium), with or without inoculation with Glomus mosseae. The volume, concentrations of total N(TN),dissolved N(DN) and particulate N(PN) of runoff water were measured. We found that the local norm of fertilization led to 18.9 kg/ha of N runoff during rice growing season, with DN accounting for 60%–70%. We also found that reduction in fertilization by 20% cut down TN runoff by 8.2% while AMF inoculation decreased N runoff at each fertilizer level and this effect was inhibited by high fertilization. The combination of inoculation with AMF and 80% of the local norm of fertilization was observed to reduce N runoff by 27.2%. Conclusively, we suggested that the contribution of AMF inoculation combined with decreasing fertilization should get more attention to slow down water eutrophication by reducing N runoff from paddy fields.