几种捕集高比电阻粉尘的电收尘器的机理

详细论述了影响电收尘器收尘效率的主要因素,指出常规电收尘器在捕集高比电阻粉尘时产生反晕现象,从而使收尘效率大大降低,并且提出几种适用于捕集高比电阻粉尘的电除尘结构,对开发新型电收尘器有一定的指导作用。     

湿式电除尘技术及其在电厂的应用前景探讨

作为大气复合污染物控制系统的终瑞精处理技术装备,湿式电除尘器可用于控制PM2.5、酸雾、气溶胶、亚微米颗粒物、汞、重金属及二恶英等污染物的排放。论述了湿式电除尘器的工作原理、技术特点、结构及设计形式,探讨了湿式电除尘器在我国燃煤电厂的应用前景。     

海藻酸钠/锆@钙水凝胶的制备及其对磷的吸附研究

利用简便的方法制备了一种新型的海藻酸钠/锆@钙(SA/Zr@Ca)水凝胶材料,采用SEM、XRD对该材料进行了表征,并通过拟合吸附等温模型及吸附动力学模型,结合XPS和Zeta电位分析,研究了该材料对磷酸盐吸附的性能和机理.结果表明,该材料为非晶态的无定型材料.在溶液初始pH为2～7时,SA/Zr@Ca对磷酸盐(以PO...     

Oxidative stress mediated cytotoxicity of TiO2 nano anatase in liver and kidney of Wistar rat

This study examined the adverse effects of TiO₂ nanoparticle (nano-TiO₂) on the kidney and liver of Wistar rats. Changes of serum biochemical parameters and pathological lesions indicated that liver and kidney were significantly affected in animals treated with 50?mg?kg^?1 of nano-TiO₂. The inverse relationship between the level of reactive oxygen species and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase indicates that nano-TiO₂ induces oxidative stress. A significant increase in the apoptosis of liver and kidney in a dose-dependent manner was also observed. The ultrastructural observations confirmed the internalization of nano-TiO₂ and their direct involvement in the mitochondria-mediated cytotoxicity. Data indicated that nano-TiO₂ induce oxidative stress which produces genotoxicity such as oxidative DNA damage, micronuclei (MN) induction, and cell apoptosis in liver and kidney.     

改进的产业碳关联系数及应用 ——以上海为例

投入产出分析中重要的影响力系数和感应度系数被引入到我国的产业环境关联研究中,但采用的计算方法却多是存在缺陷的传统公式,对指标的政策意义解读也有待深入.在梳理2项指标前沿发展的基础上,以部门最终产品构成系数为权数,改进了表征产业碳关联的碳影响力系数和碳影响诱导系数(代替原碳感应度系数)的计算公式,并指出前者主要对应产业政策,对部门划分水平较不敏感,而后者主要对应节能减排政策,对部门划分水平较敏感.将改进的指标应用于2010年上海市,结果表明,其产业政策应扶植服务业和先进制造业,鼓励重化工业和专用设备制造业转型,逐步淘汰多数传统中低端制造业,节能减排政策的重点实施部门则应扩大到部分高能耗服务业.     

烧结机头电除尘灰的处理与利用

针对烧结机头除尘灰的组成和特点进行分析,探讨了目前国内钢铁企业对烧结机头除尘灰处理的现状和存在的问题,对烧结机头除尘灰固体废弃物的处理与利用技术的发展提出了一些建议和展望。     

基于鱼骨图和层次分析法的石油静电事故影响因素分析

针对石油静电事故影响因素的复杂性、多层次性和不确定性的特点,采用鱼骨图分析法,找出了引发石油静电事故的影响因素,确定出6个主因素、25个子因素的石油静电事故评价指标体系。应用层次分析法确定了各个影响因素的重要程度,分析出导致石油静电事故的重要因素。结果表明,6个主因素中,隶属于生产操作工艺和安全生产管理的操作错误、人体静电和接地故障3个主因素权重之和高达0.792,是引发石油静电事故的主导因素;子因素中预防的重点应放在喷溅式装卸油、化纤品与人体摩擦和接地线损坏方面。鱼骨图分析法和层次分析法的联合应用,合理地解决了石油静电事故影响因素分析难题,具有一定的推广应用价值。     

燃煤电厂颗粒物中硫酸根与硝酸根离子的转化规律

燃煤电厂排放的颗粒物可以分为可凝结颗粒物（condensable particle matter,CPM）和可过滤颗粒物（filterable particle matter,FPM）.通过分析7个超低排燃煤电厂的湿法脱硫（wet flue gas desulfurization,WFGD）进出口和湿电除尘（wet electrostatic precipitator,WESP）出口烟气中CPM和FPM的SO₄^2-和NO₃^-浓度,揭示了这2种典型水溶性离子在烟道内的变化规律与转化特征.结果表明在WFGD前后,CPM中的SO₄^2-和NO₃^-浓度呈降低趋势,其降低率范围分别为43.12%~86.84%和17.99%~91.58%,而FPM中SO₄^2-和NO₃^-浓度呈增大趋势.在WESP前后,CPM中SO₄^2-和NO₃^-浓度呈增大趋势,增长率范围分别为21.05%~424.65%和13.51%~298.37%,而FPM中SO₄^2-和NO₃^-浓度呈减小趋势.在WFGD中,随着烟气温度降低和湿度增加,部分CPM会通过冷凝和团聚作用进一步转化为FPM;在WESP中,由于烟气一直处于低温、高湿的条件,烟气中存在的SO₂与NO₂会结合水蒸气发生氧化还原反应,进而经过协同作用促进CPM中SO₄^2-和NO₃^-的生成.     

静电放电测试标准解析

设备在遭遇不同程度的静电放电时,其自身的安全性和可靠性面临着巨大的考验。GB/T 17626.2-2006、GJB 1389A-2005和RTCA/DO-160F均描述了静电放电试验项目。比较分析这三个标准对该项目在试验目的、适用对象等方面的差异,可以发现这三个标准的考核要求和试验方法也不尽相同。GB/T 17626.2-2006是一项基础性标准,适用于各种电子设备;GJB 1389A-2005主要针对垂直起吊、空中加油系统以及军械分系统,考核其在装卸、运输和垂直补给过程中的安全性和可靠性;RTCA/DO-160F主要考核的是民航空运设备在经受静电脉冲后执行预期功能的能力。     

Where are the Sunday babies? III. Caesarean sections,decreased weekend births,and midwife involvement in Germany

A previous study has shown a marked and continuing decline in weekend births in Germany between 1988 and 2003 (Lerchl, Naturwissenschaften 92:592-594, 2005). The present study was performed to investigate the possible influence of caesarean sections (CS) on weekend birth number and on the involvement of midwives in births for all 16 German states for the year 2003. In total, data from 706,721 births were sorted according to weekday of births and state, respectively, and the weekend births avoidance rates were calculated. Weekend births were consistently less frequent than births during the week, with an average of -15.3% for all states and due to fewer births on Saturdays (-13.6%) and Sundays (-16.7%). Between the states, weekend births avoidance rates ranged from -11.6% (Bremen) to -24.2% (Saarland). The proportion of CS was 25.5% for all states, ranging from 19.2% (Sachsen and Sachsen-Anhalt) to 30.5% (Saarland). CS and weekend births avoidance rates were significantly correlated, consistent with the hypothesis that primary (planned) CS are regularly scheduled on weekdays. The number of births per midwife (BPM) was calculated according to the number of active members in the states' professional midwives' organizations. The mean number of BPM was 59.5, ranging from 45.2 (Bremen) to 82.4 (Sachsen-Anhalt). CS and BPM were significantly correlated, consistent with the hypothesis that higher CS ratios are associated with lower midwife involvement in births. It is concluded that the decline in weekend births and lower involvement of midwives are caused, at least in part, by an increased number of caesarean sections.