丙烯槽车特大泄漏事故的应急处置方法

如何快速有效地处置危险化学品槽车突发泄漏事故，目前还是一个世界性的难题。本文介绍了吉林市6．26丙烯槽车特大泄漏事故发生后的报警、接警、启动应急预案、现场侦察、现场警戒、禁绝火源、交通管制、紧急疏散、喷雾稀释、着装防护、丙烯的特性、健康危害、急救措施等。阐述了夹具捆绑法带压堵漏的机理，提供了丙烯泄漏槽车的勘测数据、夹具设计思路、夹具制造图纸、现场应急处置方法及现场照片。本案例表明，只要有可靠的安全措施及特殊的技术手段，危险化学品槽车泄漏事故是可以进行应急处置的，实现控制、降低、消除泄漏，避免灾害性事故的发生。文中方法同样适用于铁路槽车泄漏事故的应急处置。     

城市应急能力评估指标体系核心项处理方法研究

在城市应急能力评估体系的基础上，分析了类、属性以及特征的关系，明确了属性在其中的重要性，建立了以改进的层次分析法为基础城市应急能力评估指标体系权重计算方法，指出权重与核心项之间的关系，确定以第75百分位数作为城市应急能力评估体系属性核心项判定标准，经过专家计算，确定了20项城市应激能力评估体系属性的核心项，为顺利开展城市应急能力评估奠定了基础。     

企业重大事故引发环境事件现状分析和应急工作建议

随着经济的稳定和飞速发展，我国的生产类型和能源模式没有根本改变，环境污染问题越发严重，突发环境事件的数量急剧增长，影响范围和危害程度都在加大，如何保障环境安全已经成为全社会的一个重要问题。本文从我国突发环境事件发生规律及特点入手，分析了我国在环境事件应急和环境安全管理现状和存在问题，提出了突发环境事件应急工作的要点和工作建议。     

浅谈应急心理干预对事故影响的作用

随着大工业的发展，其所带来的重大事故或自然灾害导致的事故后果常常可以和战争相提并论，其后果影响给与人们带来的心理恐慌和应急时产生的心理危机已经影响人们的正常生活，并逐渐被人们重视。因此心理危机干预已经逐渐成为抢险救灾的一个当然的组成部分，心理干预技术已经是成熟的，在国际上已经普遍被采用。当突发事故发生或当遇到突发事件伤害时，克服紧张情绪，沉着冷静并学会如何与人沟通，解决各种应急事件导致的心理障碍是非常重要的任务。     

供热管道波纹管补偿器裂纹泄漏的分析及对策

通过对热电厂直埋供热管道波纹管补偿器裂纹泄漏事故的调查分析,找出了问题所在,并提出了解决应力腐蚀问题可行的对策.     

浙江省台风灾害及应急机制建设

针对浙江省特殊的地理位置和气候条件，研究分析了台风灾害的特点以及应急机制建设的情况。在此基础上，提出了提高预防台风灾害能力的建议。     

以公交车为平台的应急医疗救援车辆快速改装研究

针对社会公共突发事件造成的创伤特点，以现有灾害和恐怖活动快速医学救援为侧重点，提出临时快速改装以公交车辆为平台的系列现场伤员救治与抢运装备的设想，并详细分析了建立公交车机动医院的必要性和可行性。公交车机动医院的实施将对未来我国处理公共突发事件提供新的应对措施。     

The evolution of community water governance in Uchira, Tanzania: The implications for equality of access, sustainability and effectiveness

Community participation, ownership and cost sharing are key components of Tanzania's water policy, in common with the broad international consensus on water governance. However these policy goals are difficult to achieve, beset with paradoxes and their benefits may be overstated, both in terms of efficiency of resource management and equality of outcomes. This article draws on longitudinal ethnographic research of a village water supply in Tanzania to explore two issues: the contested nature of community ownership and the complex evolution of a ‘community‐owned’ institution. The evidence from the Uchira Water Users Association leads us to question some of the simplistic assumptions made concerning the capacity of local communities to manage service delivery and to balance equity and sustainability principles. The limitations of ‘bottom‐up’ and demand led approaches need to be recognised without discrediting their potential for challenging inequalities. The article concludes with a consideration of some of the tensions in community‐driven development, which raises some important questions about the role of the State and external agencies in setting and enforcing equity criteria in community‐managed initiatives.     

FORECASTING DRY SEASON STREAMFLOW ON THE PEACE RIVER AT ARCADIA,FLORIDA, USA1

ABSTRACT: The Peace River at Arcadia, Florida, is a municipal water supply supplement for southwestern Florida. Consequently, probabilities of encountering low flows during the dry season are of critical importance. Since the association between Pacific Ocean sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and seasonal streamflow variability in the southeastern United States is well documented, it is reasonable to generate forecasts based on this information. Here, employing historic records of minimum, mean, and maximum flows during winter (JFM) and spring (AMJ), upper and lower terciles define “above normal,”“normal,” and “below normal” levels of each variable. A probability distribution model describes the likelihood of these seasonal variables conditioned upon Pacific SSTs from the previous summer (JAS). Model calibration is based upon 40 (of 50) years of record employing stratified random sampling to ensure equal representation from each decade. The model is validated against the remaining 10 samples and the process repeated 100 times. Each conditional probability distribution yields varying probabilities of observing flow variables within defined categories. Generally, a warm (cold) Pacific is associated with higher (lower) flows. To test model skill, the forecast is constrained to be the most probable category in each calibration year, with significance tested by chi‐square frequency tables. For all variables, the tables indicate high levels of association between forecast and observed terciles and forecast skill, particularly during winter. During spring the pattern is less clear, possibly due to the variable starting date of the summer rainy season. This simple technique suggests that Pacific SSTs provide a good forecast of low flows.     

Is risk associated with drinking water in Australia of significant concern to justify mandatory regulation?

Presently in Australia there are no mandatory drinking water standards. Here we argue that the risk associated with drinking water in Australia is of a dimension discernible to warrant mandatory regulations. The catchments that supply the major metropolitan areas of Sydney and Adelaide, and the groundwater for the city of Perth have been seriously compromised by the encroachment of development and activities. Melbourne in the past has generally relied on a closed catchment reservoir system; however, population growth in the near future will sequester the full online operation of additional reservoirs, which have multiple land use catchments. In addition to the current landscape circumstances, the management of a water system in itself proposes significant issues of risk. Two critical assumptions that are unique to a mass medium substance like water and dramatically alter the appraisal of risk are: (1) very large numbers of people are potentially exposed, and (2) small changes in contaminant levels may have adverse population outcomes. It is also known that water reticulation systems frequently suffer from contamination problems caused solely by the distribution system, and optimal management of these facilities would best be served by statutory protected transparency and dedicated water quality programs. In 1979, an Australian parliamentary committee stated that an “uncontaminated water supply is” a “basic requirement for the obtainment of good health”; however, recent surveys of Australian water systems show many are not meeting basic water quality criteria, and many communities are not receiving regular monitoring or testing as required by government authorized Australian drinking water guidelines. Exacerbating this situation is the lack of reporting and statutory endorsed standardized procedures to ensure information is properly and promptly recorded and that data are centralized for maximum benefit. The evaluation of risk associated with drinking water in Australia is often hampered by inadequate or incomplete data. Lastly, regional and rural water supplies face a vast array of contemporary problems and experiences that include widespread usage of pesticides and agricultural chemicals. In recent years, the Darling River has experienced the worst algal bloom known to man, and this river system not only supplies a number of regional and rural towns with water, but eventually connects with the River Murray, which supplies the State of South Australia with approximately 50% of its water requirements.