环境突发性事故采样的注意要点

根据环境突发性事故的特点，以作者工作经验，就事故采样的完整、典型，及时性以及样品保存４个方面，结合实例进行论述。     

In vitro characteristics of human fetal cells obtained from chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis

In vitro characteristics of human fetal cells have been investigated after chorionic villus sampling at the first trimester and amniocentesis at the second trimester of pregnancy. Light microscopy revealed heterogeneous morphology of cell types in both the chorionic villus culture and the amniotic fluid cultures. Based on the experiments performed, chorionic villus cells are more sensitive to pronase, trypsin, and versene during subculture and have a higher DNA content per single cell and release more [¹²⁵I]-Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin into culture medium than those found in amniotic fluid cells. The practical applications of this study are discussed.     

建立上海市突发环境事件应急防范和处置体系的研究

随着人类活动的加剧和工业的不断发展，全球突发环境事件日渐频繁。因此，在日常工作中应加强突发环境事件的应急防范和反应体系建设。防患于未然。文章概述了国内外对突发环境事件的防范及应急处置现状，分析了突发环境事件的特点和危害，简要阐述了建立上海市突发环境事件应急处置指挥系统的重要性及必要性，重点介绍了上海市突发环境事件的应急指挥、应急响应及灾害评估体系，并介绍了与突发环境事件应急处置有关的几个问题。以增加系统的可操作性。同时。提出了加强上海市应急防范和处置系统建设的对策及建议。     

基于原代培养背角无齿蚌鳃细胞的镉毒性效应评价

为了探究淡水贝类背角无齿蚌鳃细胞的原代培养途径，并阐释其在评价水体Cd²⁺毒性效应上的潜力，本研究比较了不同酶分解方法（链霉蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶）的鳃细胞存活率差异，并分析了L-15培养基中不同血清浓度（10% FBS、20% FBS）对鳃细胞存活率的影响，细胞置于20℃生化培养箱中培养.进而根据Cd²⁺对鳃细胞的LC₂₅值设定0.0625、0.125、0.25、0.5和1.0 mg·L^-1 5个Cd²⁺理论浓度梯度，对原代培养的鳃细胞进行24 h暴露，分析了细胞活力、总超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和酸性磷酸酶（AcP）的变化特征.结果表明：0.025%链霉蛋白酶在4℃分解16 h的鳃细胞存活率为98.2%±0.2%，显著高于0.25%胰蛋白酶在26℃分解30 min的89.4%±3.5%鳃细胞存活率（p<0.05）；L15培养基加入10% FBS的细胞存活率总体显著高于添加20% FBS的细胞存活率（p<0.05）.在上述较佳的分解和血清浓度组合条件下，细胞培养120 h后，其存活率仍高达90.1%±4.7%.鳃细胞活力随着Cd²⁺浓度的增加而降低，两者之间呈显著的线性负相关（p<0.05）；随着Cd²⁺浓度的增加，SOD和AcP含量总体增加，而CAT含量呈现出"诱导-抑制"的变化趋势.本研究初步建立了较为适宜的背角无齿蚌鳃细胞的原代培养方法，并揭示了其原代培养鳃细胞的细胞活力及SOD、CAT、AcP水平，具有作为评价水环境Cd²⁺毒性/污染的生物指标的潜力.     

溢油应急处理的优化决策

提出了溢油应急处理的优化决策方法，并运用优化理论建立评价模型来对技术决策结果进行最优化处理，从而使得各港口的溢油处理设备能够得到合理的调配，同时使溢油处理的费用降低到最低程度，而溢油处理的效果最佳，为区域合作计划的制定提供了依据。     

Acid resistance of methanogenic bacteria in a two-stage anaerobic process treating high concentration methanol Wastewater

In this study, the two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system and batch experiments were employed to evaluate the performance of anaerobic digestion for the treatment of high concentration methanol wastewater. The acid resistance of granular sludge and methanogenic bacteria and their metabolizing activity were investigated. The results show that the pH of the first UASB changed from 4.9 to 5.8 and 5.5 to 6.2 for the second reactor. Apparently, these were not the advisable pH levels that common methanogenic bacteria could accept. The methanogenic bacteria of the system, viz. Methanosarcina barkeri, had some acid resistance and could still degrade methanol at pH 5.0. If the methanogenic bacteria were trained further, their acid resistance would be improved somewhat. Granular sludge of the system could protect the methanogenic bacteria within its body against the impact of the acidic environment and make them degrade methanol at pH 4.5. The performance of granular sludge was attributed to its structure, bacteria species, and the distribution of bacterium inside the granule. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2004, 24(4): 633–636 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

高校校园文化建设的几点思考

高校校园文化作为一种特殊的亚文化，存在于社会文化之中，它在高校师生的校园生活中发挥着重要的作用。建设良好、健康的校园文化是高校为社会培养合格人才、优秀人才的客观需要。本文阐述了校园文化的含义，分析了校园文化的重要性，并对所在地区几所高校进行调研，浅析了当前高校校园文化现状，提出了几点校园文化建设的建议。     

Exclusion of chromosomal mosaicism in amniotic fluid cultures: Efficacy of in situ versus flask techniques

Accurate diagnosis of mosaicism in amniotic fluid cell cultures represents a major problem. If insufficient cells are analysed, true fetal mosaicism may go undetected. False-positive diagnosis is also possible since a second cell line may arise in vitro and not reflect the true fetal genetic constitution. These difficulties apply to both flask and in situ culture techniques, to varying degrees. The relative accuracy of flask versus in situ culture techniques in excluding mosaicism was determined by statistical analysis of experimental data from ten pairs of mixed male-female amniotic fluid specimens. The data support the idea that the majority of in situ colonies are independent of one another. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) analysis of a single metaphase from a number of different colonies enhances the confidence for excluding mosaicism; (2) analysis of more than one cell per colony offers little advantage; (3) exclusion of a given level of mosaicism requires analysis of fewer metaphases using the in situ method; (4) the confidence for excluding mosaicism is high with both in situ and flask techniques, using the provided guidelines; and (5) it is shown that the two-stage approach used by many laboratories is currently the most efficient way to exclude mosaicism.     

加氢原料缓冲罐串压事故动态模拟研究

通过工艺流程动态模拟,研究某渣油加氢装置在反应进料泵事故紧急停车后,不同工艺设计方案组合条件下,引发高压气体反串到低压原料缓冲罐的事故影响。研究结果表明:泵出口双单向阀和紧急切断阀的设计对降低超压事故的发生有很好的保护作用;切断阀关闭时间越短对原料缓冲罐超压保护越有利;安全阀和缓冲罐的设计条件须与切断阀关闭时间和单向阀数量等设计条件综合考虑。通过动态模拟方法研究工艺操作异常工况,对优化工艺设计,提高本质安全设计有参考价值。     

山西运城盆地多次大面积高频地振动事件的调查

本文对山西运城遥测地震台网及山西省数字流动地震观测仪记录的2005年1月31日至2月28日在山西省运城盆地范围内发生的7次高频地振动波形进行分析处理，精确划出了振动范围，并结合本区域内的地质构造分析震情趋势。