企业可持续发展评价指标体系的选定原则及构建框架

为了制定企业可持续发展的战略决策,须制定可持续发展的指标体系,并依据这一体系对数据和资料进行收集、整理和分析,从而确定可靠而有效的政策方针。文中论述了可持续发展指标体系的定义、选定标准、原则和可持续发展的评价指标体系,提出了压力-状态-响应框架模型以及不同层次的指标体系框架。该指标体系分为总体层、系统层、状态层、变量层和要素层五个等级。对于持续发展的表征指标及对目前发展的可持续性评估,还需要长时间和切合实际的探讨。     

Factors influencing the quality of rural human settlements in a peripheral metropolitan area based on a structural equation model: A case study from Beijing

Rural human settlement is a significant indicator of the living standards of rural residents, and its improvement can contribute to promoting the positive interaction between inhabited environment and the social, economic, and resource environment in the countryside. Based on 557 valid questionnaires of satisfaction evaluation of human settlement in the peripheral metropolitan area of Beijing, this paper analyzed the elemental characteristics and factors influencing human settlement quality using multivariate statistical analysis and a structural equation model. The result shows that, first, the rural residents in a peripheral metropolitan area of Beijing are generally satisfied with the quality of human settlement (satisfaction rate is 66.2%). Specifically, the natural and social environment of the countryside is excellent and harmonious and corresponding standard of countryside infrastructure is advanced, but the quality of public services and follow-up management of facilities are in urgent need of improvement and the imbalance between revenue and expenditure of rural households has led to a continuous increase in the pressures of life. Second, factors such as social atmosphere, appearance of the village, entertainment, living costs, fundamental public services, and production costs have significant effects on human settlement quality in this peripheral metropolitan area, with social atmosphere as the main one. Living costs and supporting services are the main constraints to improvement in the quality of human settlement.     

Integrating multi-criteria evaluation techniques with geographic information systems for landfill site selection: a case study using ordered weighted average

This paper presents a GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis approach for evaluating the suitability for landfill site selection in the Polog Region, Macedonia. The multi-criteria decision framework considers environmental and economic factors which are standardized by fuzzy membership functions and combined by integration of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and ordered weighted average (OWA) techniques. The AHP is used for the elicitation of attribute weights while the OWA operator function is used to generate a wide range of decision alternatives for addressing uncertainty associated with interaction between multiple criteria. The usefulness of the approach is illustrated by different OWA scenarios that report landfill suitability on a scale between 0 and 1. The OWA scenarios are intended to quantify the level of risk taking (i.e., optimistic, pessimistic, and neutral) and to facilitate a better understanding of patterns that emerge from decision alternatives involved in the decision making process.     

基于复合治理理论的基层应急管理模式优化*

为弥补传统基层应急管理模式的短板,解决信息壁垒、协调困难、公众参与不足等问题。从复合性视角出发,阐述复合治理理论内涵,探讨复合治理与应急管理在主体、思维、过程、空间、目标上的契合性,并进一步分析基层应急管理的现实背景和困境,进而构建基于复合治理理论的基层应急管理模式,阐明模式基本结构和工作流程,最终提出理念树立、平台搭建、机制保障、队伍建设、制度安排、文化营造、技术支撑方面的优化路径。结果表明:复合治理理论的应用可以加强基层应急管理能力,促进多元主体协同共治。     

基于GCM_CB模型的土壤重金属污染评价

灰色聚类法已经运用于土壤重金属污染评价中,然而此法在确定聚类权重时仅考虑重金属浓度,忽略了衡量重金属毒性强弱的重要指标生物毒性指数。为了更客观和准确地反映土壤重金属的污染程度,将生物毒性指数引入到聚类指标权重中,构建GCM_CB(grey clustering method_concentration and biotoxicity)土壤重金属污染评价模型。通过对华东某地区的10个区域土壤重金属污染进行分析评价,并与常用评价方法对比研究,表明:其多数样点的评价结果基本一致,但针对样品4和样品9中的元素Hg,因其强毒性,使得评价等级由I级定为II级,从而提高了评价方法的灵敏度,更加符合该区域的实际土壤污染情况。     

运用改进综合评分法筛选典型污染物的研究——以大武水源地地下水典型污染物筛选为例

结合潜在危害指数法和综合评分法筛选大武水源地地下水典型污染物。鉴于潜在危害指数法不考虑污染物的环境浓度,将潜在危害指数作为综合评分法的评价指标之一,同时引进污染物的检出频率、生物降解性、生物累积性、研究区是否有污染源检出、是否为环境激素、是否为美国环境保护署(EPA)优先有机污染物、是否为中国优先污染物、是否为持久性有机污染物等指标,计算不同污染物的综合得分,再通过聚类分析,筛选出典型污染物。研究结果表明,大武水源地地下水典型污染物为三氯甲烷、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、四氯化碳和苯。     

米淀粉及其副产品清洁生产绩效评价研究

本文研究了传统米淀粉生产工艺物质流失及其生产过程控制与管理的内容,评价了米淀粉产品技改前与技改后的经济绩效和环境绩效.结果表明,开展清洁生产绩效评价研究,对于优化产品结构、实施工艺技术改造、提高资源能源利用率与节能减排效果具有重要意义.     

在实际工作中怎样提高应急处理能力

加强本地区的环境风险防范意识,提高环境突发事件的应急处理能力是政府及环境主管部门一项非常艰巨的任务。本文结合在张家口市企业进行的环境安全大检查,提出了提高环境突发事件的应急处理能力需要点、线、面结合进行。     

太湖流域水资源可持续利用评价研究

为了全面了解太湖流域水资源开发利用状况,加强流域水资源综合管理,根据水资源可持续利用的涵义和太湖流域的实际情况,构建太湖流域水资源可持续利用评价指标体系,利用模糊综合评判法和灰色关联分析法分别对太湖流域2008年水资源可持续利用状况进行评价,两种模型计算结果均表明,2008年太湖流域水资源可持续利用处于中上水平,其主要制约因素主要表现在水环境状况和水生态状况问题较为严重。     

三峡水库退水期间大宁河“水华”监测探讨

三峡水库2011年上半年在大宁河支流白水河发生了以绿藻为主的“水华”,用DS5x便携式多参数水质测定仪进行了现场监测。通过分析发现溶解氧、pH、PCY、叶绿素4项指标成正相关的关系,在水柱监测中发现水温、溶解氧、pH、PCY、叶绿素5项指标从水面往下是递减,且5m以下趋于稳定。基于此,建议今后在水华应急监测中可以直接用现场监测指标来判断水华的严重程度。