Addressing challenges for future strategic‐level emergency management: reframing,networking, and capacity‐building

The mounting frequency and intensity of natural hazards, alongside growing interdependencies between social‐technical and ecological systems, are placing increased pressure on emergency management. This is particularly true at the strategic level of emergency management, which involves planning for and managing non‐routine, high‐consequence events. Drawing on the literature, a survey, and interviews and workshops with Australia's senior emergency managers, this paper presents an analysis of five core challenges that these pressures are creating for strategic‐level emergency management. It argues that emphasising ‘emergency management’ as a primary adaptation strategy is a retrograde step that ignores the importance of addressing socio‐political drivers of vulnerabilities. Three key suggestions are presented that could assist the country's strategic‐level emergency management in tackling these challenges: (i) reframe emergency management as a component of disaster risk reduction rather than them being one and the same; (ii) adopt a network governance approach; and (iii) further develop the capacities of strategic‐level emergency managers.     

突发性环境污染事故风险管理进展

在介绍突发性环境污染事故的概念、类型与特性的基础上,综述了近年来国内外风险管理的进展。要对突发性环境污染事故进行风险管理,需要有组织的风险管理体系和风险管理计划。风险管理计划应当包括危害的风险评价、预防和应急反应三部分内容。文中详细阐述了突发性环境污染事故的预防、应急处理与对策、善后处理与影响评价的主要内容和方法。     

地震灾害应急物流配送系统模型优化方法研究

为合理选择应急物流配送中心地址,提高应急管理能力,基于地震灾害风险评价数据,通过ArcGIS平台形成Voronoi图,可视化表达地震应急准备分区方案并进行应急物流中心预选址;在考虑需求权重情况下,构建应急物流配送中心优化选址模型,通过LINGO软件编程求解得出基于震灾应急准备分区的应急物流配送中心选址方案,并以A市为例,通过与传统行政区划建设方案进行对比,验证本文选址方案的有效性。研究结果表明：本文选址优化模型综合考虑各方面因素,使服务里程总量减少31.39%,单位服务量提高30.61%,验证选址方案的配送效率与公平性。     

核电厂安全文化与发展

核电厂的安全问题必须得到应有的重视.核电厂的安全文化由以下两个方面组成:第1是体制,由单位的政策和管理者的活动所确定;第2是每个人的响应,这些人在上述体制中工作,并从中受益.提出了核安全文化的起源、特性和发展,以及核安全文化的建设与提高.     

浅析企业安全文化构建

企业安全文化是企业文化的组成部分,是创建和谐社会的基础.介绍了企业安全文化的概念、功能和特点;提出构建企业安全文化的前提、背景和特色要求;就领导层决策、管理层强化、全员参与、目标管理等方面论述了构建企业安全文化的途径;分析了构建企业安全文化应注意的原则.     

宜宾饮食文化资源的旅游开发研究

饮食文化对旅游业发展有着不可忽视的促进功能,饮食文化旅游资源的开发已越来越被旅游业所重视。宜宾饮食文化源远流长,具有浓郁的地方特色,但对宜宾饮食文化资源的旅游开发尚处于起步阶段。在分析宜宾饮食文化资源旅游开发现状的基础上,就如何把宜宾饮食文化资源的开发与旅游业的发展相结合,做大做强宜宾旅游美食文化产业提出了一些开发对策和建议。     

大连石化污水处理场二期活性污泥培养驯化的实践

A/O生化池首次启动时的生物培养至关重要。大连石化公司污水处理场二期工程采用生物接种、微生物的培养和驯化,得出:开始接种后,A、B两个系列A/O池的污泥浓度呈连续上升的趋势,污泥浓度增加到2000～3000mg/L,可以进入培养驯化阶段;控制好A/O池的pH值、碱度、无机盐、氮源、泥龄、污泥指数等运行参数,可以较好地调整控制微生物的生物氧化方向,尽快达到驯化目的。     

地方文化在城市雕塑设计中的表达——以山东省威海市海滨雕塑为例

城市雕塑是城市文化的载体,具有重要的文化意义,但目前我国城市雕塑缺乏地方文化特色的现象较突出.在对国内外相关研究文献回顾的基础上借鉴雕塑设计、景观设计、旅游规划和公共艺术设计的研究成果,确定了城市地方文化在城市雕塑设计中表达的理论与方法以及相应的实施程序,并以山东省威海市为例进行了理论验证,提出了新型城市雕塑的概念设计与实施建议.     

Injuries associated with the use of riding mowers in the United States, 2002-2007

Context: To examine injuries among patients treated in an emergency department (ED) related to the use of a riding lawn mower.Design and Setting: Data were obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for the years 2002-2007. National estimates of ED visits for injuries associated with the use of a riding lawn mower were analyzed. Narrative text entries were categorized to provide a detailed record of the circumstances precipitating the injury. Average annual rates were calculated and logistic regression analyses were employed to determine risk estimates for patient disposition and demographic characteristics related to ED visits for injuries associated with riding mowers.Results: From 2002 through 2007, there were an estimated 66,341 ED visits for injuries related to the use of riding lawnmowers in the U.S., with an average annual rate of 6.0 ED visits per 100,000 males, and 1.6 ED visits per 100,000 females. Older adults had higher rates of ED visits for injuries (7.2/100,000) than younger age groups. The most common injuries involved contusions (24%); sprains/strains (22%) and fractures (17%). The majority of patients (90%) were treated and released the same day. Results of logistic regression analyses revealed that older adults were more likely to be hospitalized when compared to younger age groups; and incidents involving rollovers [OR = 5.45 (95% CI = 3.22-9.23)] and being run over [6.01 (95% CI 3.23-11.17)] were more likely to result in hospitalization when compared to all other circumstances of injury.Conclusions: Riding mowers present injury patterns and circumstances that are different than those reported for push mowers. Circumstances related to injuries and age groups affected were varied, making prevention of riding mower injuries challenging. Application/Impact: Findings support the need to increase awareness and/or change the design of riding mowers with respect to risk of rollover injuries.     

负压防护急救车车厢内生物污染物运动扩散的数值模拟与试验验证

为掌握负压防护急救车车厢内生物污染物的分布情况,运用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法和拉格朗日颗粒随机轨道模型,对该车车厢内生物污染物的运动扩散进行数值模拟;并通过试验对比研究车厢内污染物浓度场的分布状态,试验与模拟的结果基本一致。同时表明:该随机轨道模型较好地反映生物污染物运动扩散的时空分布特点;负压防护急救车车厢内污染物浓度较高,医护人员应穿戴有效的个人防护器材。