受限空间屏幕作业视觉疲劳研究

为了探究有限空间内光照对屏幕作业视觉疲劳影响,选取实验人员在受限空间平台内进行模拟屏幕作业。实验结果表明:在有限空间内作业,300 lx为理想的照明条件,并且在较昏暗（0~100 lx）的情况下,视觉能力下降的最快;光照强度的强弱对疲劳有明显的影响,在光线较暗的环境中闭眼时长明显高于正常光线（300 lx）时和较亮（750 lx）环境的闭眼时长,在作业30~60 min时,男女表现差异明显;黑暗环境更能造成作业人员疲劳,男性在黑暗环境中的视觉适应能力优于女性。同时做出推断,闭眼波动性增大的时间点推测为疲劳关键点,应该对该时刻工作的人员提醒或提前进行休息,避免该时刻出现。研究结论可为关于视觉疲劳眼动设备的开发提供理论支撑。     

政府环境报告基层实施:现状、问题及其对策

政府环境报告基层实施是利用县级人大与公众直接联系的"基层"优势加强对政府环境责任监督的有效手段。实践中,报告主体及对象级别各异,报告内容繁简不一,总体情况为越是基层贯彻实施政府环境报告的力度越弱,存在报告形式不明确、信息公开不到位、常态化监督机制和政府责任缺失等问题。因此,必须在认清立法目的的基础上合理运用法律解释明确报告的法律属性,规范报告内容、扩大公开范围,利用"基层"优势与公众加强联系,并在准确定位环保法的前提下构建人大监督的刚性约束。     

环保监测应急系统的发展及应用分析

随着我国社会的不断发展,人们生活水平的不断提高,人们对于资源的索取以及对环境的污染、生态的破坏都愈发的严重,雾霾、酸雨等极端、恶劣的天气频发,对人们的日常生活带来了严重的影响。近些年我国也逐渐开始意识到环境污染的严重后果,开始采取相应的环保监测以及环保措施来保护我们赖以生存的环境,而环保监测应急系统的运用就是其中之一。本文就针对环保监测应急系统在我国的发展以及应用进行了分析,并就其存在的问题以及注意事项进行了阐述,旨在为我国创造良好的生态环境提供一点帮助。     

The effect of summer drought on the predictability of local extinctions in a butterfly metapopulation

The ecological impacts of extreme climatic events on population dynamics and community composition are profound and predominantly negative. Using extensive data of an ecological model system, we tested whether predictions from ecological models remain robust when environmental conditions are outside the bounds of observation. We observed a 10-fold demographic decline of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) metapopulation on the Åland islands, Finland in the summer of 2018 and used climatic and satellite data to demonstrate that this year was an anomaly with low climatic water balance values and low vegetation productivity indices across Åland. Population growth rates were strongly associated with spatiotemporal variation in climatic water balance. Covariates shown previously to affect the extinction probability of local populations in this metapopulation were less informative when populations were exposed to severe drought during the summer months. Our results highlight the unpredictable responses of natural populations to extreme climatic events.     

碳基高价银分子晶体电池处理LAS污染源水试验研究

以扬州第四水厂沉淀后的出水作为原水,模拟突发LAS污染,通过投加碳基高价银分子晶体电池进行应急处理的实验研究。实验结果表明：碳基高价银分子晶体电池对LAS的吸附,在30min内能达到81％的吸附容量;碳基高价银分子晶体电池对LAS的吸附,符合Freundlich吸附模式;溶液pH小于5时,吸附效果较好;对进水浓度小于4．75mg／L的LAS污染水样,接触时间在10min以内,便能使出水中LAS的浓度达到生活饮用水0．3mg／L的限值。     

Urban Water Supply Industry Marketization of China in View of Public Water Service and Water Resource Management

Started with the discussions on the value orientation of urban water supply industry marketization,the article points out that the current urban water supply industry marketization reform is inconsistent with the goal of public water service equalization to some extent.The article also analyzes the problems emerged in urban water supply industry marketization reform and various reasons in view of efficiency and fairness.An efficiency and fairness oriented management model is built in this article to illustrate how the government should conciliate interests of various communities involved in the process of marketization reform of the urban water supply industry so as to actualize the coordination of efficiency and fairness.At the end,an assumption on urban water price is put forward to help achieve the public water service equalization.     

Green procurement in the Asian public sector and the Hong Kong private sector

Since the 1980s, green purchasing/green procurement has increasingly been recognised as an effective means of addressing and reducing negative environmental impacts related to product production and consumption around the world. This paper reviews the procurement practices and policies of five Asian countries and Hong Kong, in the context of an international overview of green purchasing and practices. The extent of government involvement in green procurement is found to directly determine its overall effectiveness, and up-to-date information resources clearly enhance delivery and performance. A case study in Hong Kong demonstrates how public leadership on green procurement has advanced green procurement in the private sector.     

政府支持垃圾焚烧发电的公共利益分析

阐述了垃圾焚烧发电的公共利益性质,政府支持垃圾焚烧发电是增进公共利益的必然要求,政府应构建支持垃圾焚烧发电常态机制,整合与垃圾焚烧发电相关各方力量,制定科学合理的正负激励政策,以期相关各方为垃圾焚烧发电的贡献最大化,有效增进公共利益。     

基于人工神经网络的突发环境事故应急系统

突发环境事故现场具有形势紧迫、信息获取困难等特点,引入人工神经网络技术(Artificial Neural Networks,ANN)设计开发的突发环境事故应急决策支持系统(ANN-EEDSS),能够完成现场应急指挥调度的定量化决策支持。关键技术包括突发环境事故神经网络构建方法,事故信息与应急措施的数字化方法,决策信息的翻译表示,事故影响因素的权重分析。最后阐述了系统现场运行和工作的流程。     

The impact of visual information on perceptions of water resource problems and management alternatives

To assess changes in human understanding and decision making, the paper examines (1) the influence of visual information on perceptions about groundwater management in Phoenix, Arizona and (2) the correlates and dimensions underlying people's views about water scarcity and mitigation strategies. While perceptions entrenched in ideologies are difficult to change, different types of information (three-dimensional versus two-dimensional) have distinct impacts on the perceived magnitude of problems compared to judgements about their causes and solutions. Overall, visual information may be especially useful for developing a shared understanding of problems and a collective vision for management alternatives. Additional implications of this study for fostering environmental awareness, policy support, and collaborative decision making are also discussed.