基于经验小波变换的鄱阳湖CODMn预测

高锰酸盐指数(COD_Mn)是衡量水质状况的最重要参数之一,能反映水体受还原性物质污染的程度。结合经验小波变换(EWT)和双向长短期记忆(BLSTM)神经网络,提出了一种先利用EWT将原始的COD_Mn时间序列分解成若干成分,然后利用BLSTM神经网络对分解出来的每个成分进行预测,最后将所有成分的预测结果重建获得最终COD_Mn预测值的新的混合模型EWT-BLSTM;并以2017年8月—2020年4月鄱阳湖COD_Mn监测数据为研究对象,进行模型性能验证。结果表明：EWT-BLSTM模型具有良好的预测性能,预测未来1 d以后的COD_Mn时,EWT-BLSTM模型的平均绝对百分比误差为2.25%,与单一BLSTM神经网络模型相比降低了10.53%;预测未来7 d以后的COD_Mn时,EWT-BLSTM模型的平均绝对百分比误差为8.36%,与单一BLSTM神经网络模型相比降低了16.16%。在COD_Mn峰值处,该模型依然保持较高稳定的预测性能,说明在数据相对复杂、极端的情况下,该模型依然适用。

     

长江干流表层水体悬浮物的空间变化特征及遥感反演

总悬浮物(TSM)是描述水体光学特性和污染程度的一个重要参数,利用遥感技术准确获取面状水域悬浮物浓度的信息,可有效地对水体浑浊程度、污染程度等信息指标进行高效监测分析,解决观察范围小、不方便以及数据获取难等难题.以野外实测水体高光谱数据和悬浮物浓度及其组分等数据,参照MODIS(1～4波段)、Landsat 8(1～5波段)、Sentinel 2(2～6波段)和HJ-B1(1～4波段)等常用波段范围,构建长江干流(重庆-上海段)水体TSM的半经验模型,从而检验、比较常用卫星对河流水体TSM的反演潜力.结果表明:(1)枯水期长江干流浊度和TSM从重庆到上海整体程增加趋势,相反有机悬浮物浓度在总悬浮物浓度中所占的比例(OSM/TSM)从重庆到上海整体呈现较小趋势.(2)水体光谱曲线基本没用叶绿素a的光谱特征(700 nm附近的反射峰),而是展现出悬浮物浓度占主导因素的双峰型光谱特征.由于水体中悬浮物浓度较低(<114.68mg·L^-1),第一峰值明显高于第二峰值,但反射峰位置具有明显的向波长方向移动的"红移"现象.(3)长江干流水体的反射率对悬浮物浓度最敏感的波...     

压剪混合型硅橡胶减振器动态高温工作特性

目的 归纳出高温范围内减振系统动态性能随温度变化的关系.方法 通过在特定温度条件下使用正弦扫频以及半正弦冲击试验,测试一系列压剪型橡胶减振器振动以及冲击性能,使用最小二乘法拟合得到此类减振器多个振动冲击性能与温度关系的经验公式.结果 在低于橡胶材料热分解温度的前提下,短期内压剪型橡胶减振器的动态工作特征与工作温度有关,...     

长白山温带森林单萜烯排放模拟

于2010年夏季,采用松弛涡度积累(Relaxed Eddy Accumulation)技术在长白山温带森林铁塔上测量了挥发性有机物(VOC)冠层尺度的排放通量,同步测量了气象参数、光合有效辐射(PAR)等,初步获得长白山阔叶林单萜烯的排放通量.同时,利用PAR能量守恒原理,建立了冠层尺度上单萜烯排放的经验模式.结果发现,模拟结果与测量结果比较一致,平均而言,模拟值高出测量值约20%～40%.采用不同方法对经验模式进行了检验,结果表明,采用比较各个采样时段平均值的方法可行,而且经验模式对于2010年夏季不同采样时段的平均值也给出了较好的模拟结果,其模拟值高出测量值约20%～24%.     

Rate-Limited Desorption of Volatile Organic Compounds from Soils and Implications for the Remediation of a Louisiana Superfund Site

The rates of desorption of trichloroethylene (TCE) and 1,3-dichlorobenzene (DCB) from a silty soil at a Superfund site and a silty-clayey soil from an uncontaminated bottomland hardwoodswamp in Baton Rouge, Louisiana were studied in laboratory batchsystems. The effect of the age of soil contamination was studiedusing a laboratory-spiked soil incubated for 3 days, 3 months and5 months. An empirical non-linear model was used to describe thebi-phasic nature of desorption with one fraction (labile) beingreleased in relatively short periods of time (typically 24–100 hr) and a second fraction (non-labile or irreversible) beingresistant to desorption. The non-linear model parameters, viz.,the fraction of the chemical released rapidly (F), and the firstorder desorption rate coefficients, k ₁ and k ₂respectively for the labile and slowly released fractions weredetermined by fitting the experimental data to the model. Thedata fit the model well as indicated by the high r ² values.The estimate of k ₁ was good. However, the values of k ₂are known with less precision due to the limited duration of theexperiment and number of samples taken at long times. In addition, desorption kinetics of 3 and 5-month old contaminatedsoils showed that progressively less amount of contaminant was available for facile desorption (lower F) compared to freshly contaminated soil. The labile fraction had desorption rate constants of the order of 10^-1 h^-1, whereas the slowlyreleased fraction had rate constants of the order of 10^-4 h^-1 in accord with literature reported values for a varietyof other compounds and soils. Possible mechanisms describing these rates and implications for the site clean up are discussed.