第二松花江水体中氮含量的动态变化分析

详细地分析了第二松花江水体中硝态氮,亚硝态氮和氨氮在不同江段,不同水期,不同年际的时空变化规律。结果表明,氮在水中的含量变化与入江城市污水及沿江两岸地表径流水中的氮有直接关系,硝态氮和亚硝态氮在丰水期水中的含量高于枯、平水期、丰水期水中的硝态氮随江段的延长而增高,氮氮在污染江段的含量高于非污染江段。３个水期水中硝态氮和亚硝态氮的含量年际变化显示为１９８５￣１９８９年略高于１９８０￣１９８４年和１９     

基于应急避难空间的矿山安全防护体系研究

提出以应急避难空间为基础的煤矿新型安全防护体系,通过在井下布置救生舱、避难所与矿井各系统结合形成救援网络,可在煤矿事故中为被困作业人员提供应急避难空间避难,降低煤矿事故死亡率。提出了救生舱、避难所在矿井中的基本布置原则,并以山西某煤矿为实例进行安全体系建设研究,指出避难室、救生舱在矿井实际条件中的设置原则和方法,以及新型安全防护体系的发展方向,为我国煤矿新型安全防护体系构建提出指导性依据。     

基于Soft Fuzzy ARTMAP算法的地铁隧洞光纤光栅传感火灾识别研究*

为解决传统火灾报警系统在应对地铁火灾报警时存在的即时性差、灵敏度及智能化水平低等问题,基于Fuzzy ARTMAP网络,结合Yu范数相似度准则与软竞争学习机制,提出1种软竞争学习Fuzzy ARTMAP算法,弥补传统Fuzzy ARTMAP网络胜者为王规则导致的区域重叠而产生误判的不足;结合地铁光纤光栅传感网络数据,将该算法应用于地铁火灾识别。结果表明:与传统的Fuzzy ARTMAP相比,该算法可快速有效地识别地铁火灾趋势,为地铁火灾识别系统研究提供理论支持。     

Prevalence of Conservation Design in an Agriculture-Dominated Landscape: The Case of Northern Indiana

We examined the prevalence of residential development that occurs with consideration of the natural features of the site, known as conservation design, within county-level planning jurisdictions across Northern Indiana. Using data from telephone interviews with representatives of planning departments, jurisdictions were ranked based on reported use of conservation design. Three categories of use emerged from the data: no use, use of individual practices associated with conservation design, and integration of multiple conservation design practices. Qualitative data analysis revealed that conservation design practices were not being used widely and, when used, were often used to fulfill stormwater requirements. Statistical analysis, using data from interviews, spatial data sets, and the U.S. Census Bureau, identified several significant positive predictors of the levels of conservation design use including conversion of forest or agricultural land cover to urban uses and education levels in the jurisdiction. Many of the interviewees noted that agricultural land is perceived to meet open space needs within their counties. Given that agricultural land does not fully meet all ecosystem needs, education about the benefits of other types of open space is suggested.

关于城市气候资源研究

亚热带城市气候资源具有可持续发展意义,本文分析了热带亚热带地区城市气候资源水平,论述了运用城市气候资源消除城市热岛的研究基础。     

Declines in migrant shorebird populations from a winter‐quarter perspective

Many long‐distance migrating shorebird (i.e., sandpipers, plovers, flamingos, oystercatchers) populations are declining. Although regular shorebird monitoring programs exist worldwide, most estimates of shorebird population trends and sizes are poor or nonexistent. We built a state‐space model to estimate shorebird population trends. Compared with more commonly used methods of trend estimation, state‐space models are more mechanistic, allow for the separation of observation and state process, and can easily accommodate multivariate time series and nonlinear trends. We fitted the model to count data collected from 1990 to 2013 on 18 common shorebirds at the 2 largest coastal wetlands in southern Africa, Sandwich Harbour (a relatively pristine bay) and Walvis Bay (an international harbor), Namibia. Four of the 12 long‐distance migrant species declined since 1990: Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres), Little Stint (Calidris minuta), Common Ringed Plover (Charadrius hiaticula), and Red Knot (Calidris canutus). Populations of resident species and short‐distance migrants increased or were stable. Similar patterns at a key South African wetland suggest that shorebird populations migrating to southern Africa are declining in line with the global decline, but local conditions in southern Africa's largest wetlands are not contributing to these declines. State‐space models provide estimates of population levels and trends and could be used widely to improve the current state of water bird estimates.     

复合绝缘子覆冰闪络特性及其影响因素的研究

本文主要研究复合绝缘子在轻覆冰条件下的覆冰闪络特性,通过具有憎水性表面的平板模型,分析覆冰过程中间隙长度、间隙位置、间隙分布、融冰时间及染污程度对覆冰闪络过程的影响。研究发现,间隙是产生起始电弧的主要因素,间隙长度与冰闪电压之间呈先降后升的变化趋势,且间隙愈接近电极愈容易发生闪络。冰闪电压与融冰时间呈U型趋势,染污程度与冰闪电压正相关,且高染污条件下闪络会沿着冰层与污层交界面发生。最后,通过复合绝缘子全尺寸人工覆冰试验发现,轻覆冰条件下,起始电弧出现在覆冰量较少的杆径及下表面处,且覆冰闪络电压随染污程度的上升呈下降趋势。     

秦皇岛地区海陆风特征及其影响

利用本地风的观测资料,分析、总结了秦皇岛地区风的特点。结果表明,秦皇岛因受海陆地形的影响,风的变化具有海陆风的特征,在空间分布上,海陆风只影响到昌黎、抚宁和市区,达不到卢龙、青龙,在时间分布上,海风以昌黎(10点)出现最早,抚宁(12点)次之,市区(14点)最晚,陆风同样以昌黎(20点)出现最早,抚宁(23点)次之,市区(次日2点)最晚。同时,海陆风对秦皇岛地区气温的影响尤为明显,受海风影响,秦皇岛市的夏季不十分炎热,日最高气温比同纬度的内陆地区低很多,成为著名的避暑胜地。另外,由于夏季受海风影响较大,海风登陆带来充沛的水汽,导致7月是秦皇岛地区大雾天气全年最多的月份。     

基于相空间重构和独立分量分析的火灾预测

利用非线性动力学的相空间重构理论和独立分量分析,结合非线性支持向量回归,提出了火灾起数时间序列预测方法。首先用时间延迟法和独立分量分析重构系统的相空间来反映火灾起数时间序列的内在变化规律,然后再用非线性支持向量回归来构建预测模型。仿真结果表明该预测方法具有较高的预测精度。     

城市开敞空间的避难容灾能力评价研究——以深圳市南山区为例

避难场所的规划选址与开敞空间的避难容灾能力密切相关,但较少研究关注到人口分布现状对避难场所空间选址的影响。以深圳市南山区为例,采用遥感及GIS技术,结合社区人口统计数据,通过分析区内开敞空间的有效性、安全性、通达性及收容性,综合评价其避难容灾能力,为城市避难场所选址筛选出适宜的空间。结果表明:量化的评价程序可有效地剔除有安全隐患或通达性较差、容灾能力不足的空间,结合人口分布现状更能凸显区域内避难场所空间分布的不足,容灾缺口计算结果可作为城市避难场所增设选址的参考依据。