地理信息系统的发展趋势

随着地理信息系统(GIS)技术在各个应用领域的推广使用,GIS技术与地理空间信息的表示、处理、分析和应用手段的不断发展紧密相连,形成了各种不同功能的GIS系统软件.介绍了GIS的定义,分析了当前GIS的应用方向和发展状况,并着重阐述了GIS今后的发展趋势及其应用领域.     

Landfill space consumption dynamics in the Lower Rio Grande Valley by grey integer programming-based games

The Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) region in South Texas emerges as a warehouse and transportation center between Central America and the US with positive growth impacts due to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). In 10 years time, a 39.8% population increase has resulted in a 25% boost in solid waste per capita disposal rate in the region. A landfill space shortage drives a need for landfill operators to understand their optimal management strategies in this highly-competitive market. Initially, a strategic plan for optimal solid waste pattern distribution minimizes net costs for cities. This is accomplished through a grey integer programming algorithm that encapsulates all uncertainty present in the solid waste system. Secondly, a series of grey integer submodels construct payoff matrices for a zero-sum two-person game. The ensuing game theoretic analysis is critical for evaluating optimal pricing strategies for tipping fees available to the most significant regional landfills (e.g. Browning-Ferris Industries (BFI) and City of Edinburg) as they compete over disposal contracts. The BFI landfill intrinsically benefits from its competitive pricing policy and central location to solid waste generators. The City of Edinburg landfill, on the other hand, wishes to secure its lucrative solid waste management revenue. It desires a gaming strategy backed by optimality that integrates ambiguity in solid waste generation, design capacity boundaries, and unitary shipping costs. Results show that a two-tiered analysis via grey integer programming-based games may pave the way for 'grey Nash equilibria' pricing tactics that will help the Edinburg landfill maintain its waste contracts.     

大空间内机械排烟效果的实验研究

在一个全尺寸的大空间火灾实验厅内,进行了不同补风口位置和补风口面积下的机械排烟试验.结果表明,由于烟气的温度较低,烟气和补充的空气较易混合,烟气和空气在交界处存在着较强的质量交换.排烟过程中,烟气是边稀释边被排放,很难和空气实现完全置换.低温烟气进行机械排烟时,区域模拟思想不适用,较难将烟气控制在理论高度.补气口位置和面积对烟气排放及火源燃烧状况具有一定的影响.     

基于热解动力学的有限空间轰燃预测模型

对建筑物中常见的几种可燃物：塑料、硬纸板、布料、三合板、木板等，进行了热解实验，给出了其失重曲线，并导出了热解反应动力学参数——活化能E和频率因子A。建立了基于热解动力学方程和特征浓度的有限空间轰燃预测模型，并给出了计算实例。     

云南省高速公路景观设计探析

通过阐述高速公路景观设计的定义、发展概况，分析云南省当前高速公路景观设计的现状、存在问题及意义等，研究适合云南省的高速公路景观设计思路。     

我国东南四省人防工程内氡的调查

我国东南四省广泛分布着大量的富铀花岗岩,是氡的高本底区。人防工程因其建于地下,室内氡浓度受本底值影响更大。为了解该地区地下人防工程内氡的浓度水平及可能对人体产生的危害,文章对该区11个城市30个不同类型的人防工程室内氡浓度进行了约24小时连续测定,测定结果为11.1~344.1 Bq·m-3,平均值为70.5Bq·m-3。为探讨工程的地质概况、被覆程度、被覆材料及通风程度对室内氡浓度的影响,根据工程被覆程度及人员使用频繁程度将其分为四类:地下停车场(Ⅰ类);超市,办公室等(Ⅱ类);被覆坑道(Ⅲ类);毛洞(Ⅳ类)。各类工程的氡浓度平均值分别为29.6、33.7、84.4、137.5 Bq·m-3。     

An integrated approach to evaluation on ecological service functions for urban green space and its application

This methodological investigation deals with measurement and valuing of ecological service functions for urban green space. Social, economic and ecological dimensions for such types of function are analyzed and a concept " integrated ecological service functions"(IESF) is put forward for evaluation. Based upon this conceptual approach, an index system for measuring IESF for urban green space is established. With a methodological integration of fuzzy mathematics, decision-making analysis and Delphi method, an AHP fuzzy evaluation techniques for IESF for urban green space,called AFIFUG method, is developed. Such a method has beendirectly applied to the land use strategic planning of Tianjin out-ring green belt(TOGB), and its analysis results have been successfully put into operation.     

An integrated approach to evaluation on ecological service functions for urban green space and its application

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2004年春夏季河北海域叶绿素a分布和初级生产力估算

2004年春季5月和夏季8月进行的河北海洋资源调查研究表明:全海域春季5月表层叶绿素a介于0.34～11,39mg/m3,平均值为3.72 mg/m3,底层叶绿素a介于0.87～7.85 mg/m3,平均值为3.03 mg/m3;夏季8月表层叶绿素a介于1.1～18.3 mg/m3,平均值为4.52 mg/m3,底层叶绿素a介于0.4～7.8 mg/m3,平均值为3.95 mg/m3.初级生产力(以C计)春季5月介于112.26～1323.68 mg/m2·d,平均值为504.79 mg/m2·d,夏季8月介于83.92～4265.73 mg/m2·d,平均值为774.96 mg/m2·d.总体趋势是南部海区(沧州海区)叶绿素a含量高于北部海区(秦皇岛、唐山海区)叶绿素a含量,秦皇岛海区初级生产力估算值最高,唐山海区最低.     

斜拉桥动力特性的有限单元分析

斜拉桥动力特性在工程设计中是要重点考虑的内容，本文基于有限单元法理论，确定了斜拉桥合乎构造的空间计算模型，建立了其三维空间自振方法，并对其动力特性进行了求解和分析。通过算例，验证了该分析方法的正确性。