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111.
采用同轴静电纺丝法制备了MoS_2/g-C_3N_4纳米纤维,采用XRD、FTIR、XPS、UV-Vis和Raman等光谱分析技术表征了催化剂相组成和微观形貌,评价了催化剂表面化学形态和吸光特性,探讨了催化剂对甲苯的光催化降解机理,研究了MoS_2含量、光源条件、温度和催化稳定性对降解甲苯的影响规律.结果表明,在MoS_2/g-C_3N_4中掺杂适宜的MoS_2有助于提高催化剂活性,改善催化剂比表面积和孔容积.在可见光条件下,催化剂(10%MoS_2)对甲苯的降解率为90.24%.由汽车尾气中苯系污染物光催化降解应用可知,在柴油机转速为2000 r·min~(-1),油门开度(负荷)分别为25%、50%、75%和100%的条件下,10%MoS_2对苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯和邻二甲苯的平均降解率分别为88.12%、90.03%、86.25%、87.12%、87.07%和87.23%,表明MoS_2/g-C_3N_4纳米纤维具有较强的光催化降解苯系物能力. 相似文献
112.
113.
为完善增程式电动汽车(Extended range electric vehicle,EREV)全生命周期环境影响和经济效益评价研究,对EREV、纯电动汽车(Battery electric vehicle,BEV)和内燃机汽车(Internal combustion engine vehicle,ICEV)进行了对比分析.基于生命周期评价理论和生命周期成本分析方法,构建了车辆生命周期资源消耗、能源消耗、环境影响和成本评价模型,针对不同汽车各阶段材料消耗、能源消耗和环境排放三大特性,识别EREV、BEV和ICEV的环境负荷差异,并从初始购置成本、使用维护成本和报废回收成本3个方面评价了EREV、BEV和ICEV的生命周期成本差异.综合碳排放特性和经济属性,进一步提出减碳经济性评价指标,科学评价EREV和BEV的环境效益和减碳经济性,并讨论了不同电力结构下EREV、BEV和ICEV的生命周期温室气体排放情况和减碳经济性变化.对增程式电动汽车进行全生命周期内综合评价研究,进一步明确EREV在多种能源类型汽车技术路线中的环境效益和减碳经济性.结果表明,相比于ICEV,BEV和EREV在运行使... 相似文献
114.
Khamphe Phoungthong Surajit Tekasakul Perapong Tekasakul Gumpon Prateepchaikul Naret Jindapetch Masami Furuuchi Mitsuhiko Hata 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(4):751-757
Mixed crude palm oil(MCPO),the mixture of palm fiber oil and palm kernel oil,has become of great interest as a renewable energy source.It can be easily extracted from whole dried palm fruits.In the present work,the degummed,deacidified MCPO was blended in petroleum diesel at portions of 30% and 40% by volume and then tested in agricultural diesel engines for long term usage.The particulates from the exhaust of the engines were collected every 500 hr using a four-stage cascade air sampler.The 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameters for the first three stages were 10,2.5 and 1μm,while the last stage collected all particles smaller than 1μm.Sixteen particle bounded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were analyzed using a high performance liquid chromatography.The results indicated that the size distribution of particulate matter was in the accumulation mode and the pattern of total PAHs associated with fine-particles(< 1μm) showed a dominance of larger molecular weight PAHs(4-6 aromatic rings),especially pyrene.The mass median diameter,PM and total PAH concentrations decreased when increasing the palm oil content,but increased when the running hours of the engine were increased.In addition,Commercial petroleum diesel(PB0) gave the highest value of carcinogenic potency equivalent(BaP eq) for all particle size ranges.As the palm oil was increased,the BaP eq decreased gradually.Therefore the degummed-deacidified MCPO blends are recommended for diesel substitute. 相似文献
115.
环境监测仪器由于受环境条件等因素的影响 ,经常会出现各种故障 ,文章对柴油车烟度计检测时表头指针无指示故障进行了系统分析 ,并介绍了维修方法和步骤 相似文献
116.
S. Saravanan G. Nagarajan G. Lakshmi Narayana Rao 《International Journal of Sustainable Engineering》2016,9(3):182-188
The main objective of this work is to control the NOx emission of a stationary diesel engine fuelled with crude rice bran oil methyl ester blend with less sacrifice on smoke density and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and also to investigate the factors influencing the objective. Fuel injection timing, percentage of exhaust gas recirculation and fuel injection pressure are chosen as the promising factors for the objective and NOx emission, smoke density and BTE are considered as response variables. Tests were conducted as per Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array and the most influencing factor for each response variable and also the significance of each factor on the same was found out through analysis of variance (ANOVA). Response graph was drawn for each response variable and from the results of response graph and ANOVA the optimum combination of the factor levels in achieving the objective was obtained and the same was confirmed experimentally. 相似文献
118.
为探讨ME-2模型控制旋转对传统PMF模型源解析效果的提升作用,于2017年9月10日~2018年8月29日在深圳北部某工业区开展PM2.5采样,共获得153套样品.对PM2.5中31种化学组分进行了分析,筛选出17个物种输入模型运算.2018年深圳北部工业区大气PM2.5年均浓度为32.3 μg/m3,利用PMF模型初步识别出9个因子,分别为二次硫酸盐、二次硝酸盐、老化海盐、土壤扬尘、工业排放、燃煤、生物质燃烧、船舶排放和机动车,PMF输出结果中"混合因子"问题显著.基于PMF解析结果及获得的先验信息,在ME-2模型中建立4个限制源谱进一步解析,结果表明,与PMF模型相比,ME-2结果的示踪物在源中分配更集中,对示踪物浓度与相应源贡献的时间序列也提供了更好的拟合效果.二次硝酸盐、老化海盐、工业排放源在PMF模型中被高估了9%~51%,而二次硫酸盐、燃煤和生物质燃烧源被低估了19%~40%.本研究中ME-2解析结果比PMF更具有环境和统计学意义,为污染防治提供了更精确的控制指向. 相似文献
119.
Li Junhua Kang Shoufang Fu Lixin Hao Jiming 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2007,1(2):143-146
A highly effective Ag-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared using the in-situ sol-gel method, and characterized by surface area using nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The catalyst performance was tested on a real lean-burn gasoline engine. Only unburned
hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the exhaust were directly used as reductant (without any external reductant), the maximum
NO
x
conversion could only reach 40% at 450°C. When an external reductant, ethanol was added, the average NO
x
conversion was greater than 60%. At exhaust gas temperature range of 350–500°C, the maximum NO
x
conversion reached about 90%. CO and HC could be efficiently oxidized with Pt-Al2O3 oxidation catalyst placed at the end of SCR converter. However, NO
x
conversion drastically decreased because of the oxidation of some intermediates to NO
x
again. The possible reaction mechanism was proposed as two typical processes, nitration, and reduction in HC-SCR over Ag-Al2O3. 相似文献
120.