生态旅游中的环境污染问题及防治对策研究

近年来随着生态旅游逐渐成为旅游业中的热点的同时,也不断暴露出一些问题。本文通过对多个旅游景点的调查,重点分析了目前生态旅游中存在的环境污染问题,并提出了相应的防治对策。     

兰州城市主要大气污染治理方案和环境效益

根据兰州市经济技术条件,提出多种大气污染治理工程方案.用数值模式计算分析了这些单项方案和综合方案可减少的大气污染物排放量和空气质量改善程度.推荐了当前可行的投资低、环境效益好的优化综合方案.该综合方案可使兰州市区空气中SO2浓度下降24.6%-75.4%,TSP下降10.4%-45.4%;除少数网格点外,SO2浓度都不出现超标.     

水体中苯胺光降解的实验研究

为了更好地了解苯胺类物质在环境中的化学行为,在自行设计的光化学反应器上进行模拟天然水体的苯胺光降解实验,用气相色谱法测定苯胺的残余质量浓度,考察了水体pH值、光强、反应时间、光敏化剂、水质等条件影响下苯胺的光降解效果和规律.3h内苯胺在3个不同体系中的降解效果从大到小依次是:去离子水模拟天然水体、加入光敏化物质的灭菌河水、未加光敏化物质的灭菌河水.pH值为5.0,Fe2 、过氧化氢、腐殖质存在时苯胺的光降解效果较好.     

地下水环境影响一级评价水文地质调查的工作内容和方法

自《环境影响评价技术导则一地下水环境》实施以来,地下水环境影响评价就成为整个建设项目环境影响评价中的难点。本文以对水文地质调查的调查精度要求最高的一级评价为例,从资料收集、野外调查、室内模拟和污染预测几个方面论述一级评价水文地质调查的内容和方法,总结了在此过程中需要注意的几个问题,为广大的水体环境影响评价工作者提供参考。     

甲藻赤潮的海洋环境危害及其防治

有毒赤潮的“肇事者”通常是甲藻，它造成了巨大的环境危害，已成为全球性的环境问题，甲藻赤潮的毒害主要是人食用含有毒素的贝类或鱼类后引起中毒甚至死亡。本文就甲藻赤潮及其毒素所造成的环境公害进行了简明扼要的回顾，并对甲藻赤潮的预防与治理的国内外研究现状，尤其是对甲藻赤潮预防与治理中所采用的新技术、新方法作了比较的论述和分析。并对我国甲藻赤潮的研究方向与前景作了展望。     

中国九十年代城市环境污染控制战略(下)

80年代是我国城市社会经济发展最快的时期,城市化水平由1981年的14.3％提高到1990年的21％,城市规模结构趋向合理,形成了以大城市为中心,中等城市为骨干和小城市为纽带的城市结构。但应该清醒的是,我国绝大部分城市的经济发展水平与工业     

试论环境侵害损害赔偿中的行政调解

论述了环境侵害损害赔偿中应用行政调解的特点、效力等问题，具有一定的现实意义。     

基于视频分析的人群密集场所客流监控预警研究

为实现人群密集场所客流安全隐患早发现,辅助管理人员早决策,人群聚集风险区早疏散,提升对灾难的预见性和主动性。在国内外人群异常聚集监测预警现状分析基础上,对比分析得出监控视频分析技术是解决人群密集场所精准预警难题较为理想的解决方案;构建以视频智能分析的人群计数、密度估计、行人追踪、活动烈度识别为核心技术的人群密集场所风险预警技术框架;将该技术框架应用到某大型商圈的商业街区,获得监控区域内的人群总数、密度分布、行人轨迹和异常活动等特征。结果表明:提出的基于视频分析的人群密集场所风险预警技术框架可为城市大型商圈、交通枢纽、大型活动场所等城市公共场所的安全管理提供参考和借鉴。     

Substance-related environmental monitoring

Background  Due to the requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive and other legal regulations (e.g., national laws like the German Federal Soil Protection Act), but also due to the implementation of the new EU chemicals management system REACH, environmental monitoring will gain increasing importance for the surveillance of environmental quality as well as for the assessment of chemicals. Against this background, the Work Group on ‘Environmental Monitoring’ of the Division of ‘Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology’ within the German Chemical Society has compiled a position paper on substance-related environmental monitoring. Scope  Core elements of this position paper are the definitions of important terms like monitoring, exposure monitoring, effect monitoring, and integrated monitoring. Moreover, temporal and spatial aspects (monitoring of spatial distributions, trend monitoring, and retrospective monitoring) and their applications are discussed. The main focus of this position paper is the coverage of aspects which have to be observed for the preparation and implementation of a monitoring program. Essential is the clear specification of the targets of the monitoring which determine the development of the monitoring concept and its realization, e.g., if environmental media (compartments) or organisms are most appropriate as samples for the aim of the study. Of course, also the properties of the target substances are important (e.g., lipophilicity/bioaccumulation as pre-requisite for an exposure monitoring with organisms). Finally, the monitoring phases of sample planning, sampling, storage and transport of samples, selection of analytical methods, quality assurance measures as well as reporting are discussed. Perspectives  An important issue for the future is to link the quantification of chemicals in environmental compartments (exposure and pollution monitoring) more closely to the study of biological effects (effect monitoring) than has been the case up to now. Furthermore, by inclusion of a spatial differentiation, a comprehensive evaluation of the state of an ecosystem can be obtained and the relevance of the results improved. Practical examples of monitoring studies which illustrate various aspects covered in this position paper will be presented in a series of publications by members of the Work Group in the following issues of this journal.