层次分析法在生活垃圾处置方案优选中的应用

对于如城市生活垃圾处置技术方案优选这类多目标、多方案决策问题,特别是在决策缺乏充分的信息支持前提时,AHP分析法的若干特点,显示其作为一种系统工程的理论工具具有一定的客观性、准确性和有效性,是一种简易而且可行的理论方法和手段。通过以某经济开发区生活垃圾处置方案的优选为例进行了探讨。     

A Revealed Preference Approach to Estimating Supply Curves for Ecosystem Services: Use of Auctions to Set Payments for Soil Erosion Control in Indonesia

Abstract:  To supply ecosystem services, private landholders incur costs. Knowledge of these costs is critical for the design of conservation-payment programs. Estimating these costs accurately is difficult because the minimum acceptable payment to a potential supplier is private information. We describe how an auction of payment contracts can be designed to elicit this information during the design phase of a conservation-payment program. With an estimate of the ecosystem-service supply curve from a pilot auction, conservation planners can explore the financial, ecological, and socioeconomic consequences of alternative scaled-up programs. We demonstrate the potential of our approach in Indonesia, where soil erosion on coffee farms generates downstream ecological and economic costs. Bid data from a small-scale, uniform-price auction for soil-conservation contracts allowed estimates of the costs of a scaled-up program, the gain from integrating biophysical and economic data to target contracts, and the trade-offs between poverty alleviation and supply of ecosystem services. Our study illustrates an auction-based approach to revealing private information about the costs of supplying ecosystem services. Such information can improve the design of programs devised to protect and enhance ecosystem services.     

The dynamic response of pressure relief valves in vapor or gas service. Part II: Experimental investigation

An experimental testing program designed to evaluate the opening stability characteristics of direct acting pressure relief valves (PRV) in gas/vapor service is described. Three different valve sizes from each of three different manufacturers were tested at two different set pressures to determine their opening characteristics (disk lift vs. time). The valves were tested with several different lengths of inlet piping as well as with and without discharge piping to determine the conditions under which unstable operation (chatter) would occur. Part I of this program described a mathematical model for predicting the dynamic response of PRV's, and the data described in this test program were used to evaluate the accuracy of the model, as described in Part III of this study to follow.     

安全工程本科专业建设研究的文献计量学分析

为了解安全科技人员利用文献的特点和安全工程学科文献的发展规律,根据文献计量学分析理论与方法,对1995—2009年安全工程本科专业建设研究文献的发文量、文献著者、核心作者群、核心期刊群、引文文献、被引用情况和基金项目资助等进行分析研究,结果表明:安全工程本科专业建设研究的发文量较少但整体呈上升态势;文献著者的合作度为2.5,合著率76.1%,文献的合作度和合著率较低,研究深度和广度需进一步加强,同时需加强多单位联合研究;高校研究者是该领域的主力军,其发文量占92.5%,但核心作者群尚未形成;《中国安全科学学报》是该领域研究的核心期刊,北京是该领域研究的核心区域;期刊文献是主要的引文类型(73.5%),引文语种主要是中文文献(97.3%),篇均引文文献4.9篇,普赖斯指数较高(73.3%);文献的被引用频次整体较低(2.2);2005年以来文献的基金项目资助率为30.2%,基金项目资助率和资助项目级别均呈上升趋势。     

300MW机组电袋复合除尘器的应用探讨

通过技术、经济比较,确定了宁夏大坝发电有限责任公司3号机组电除尘器改造为电袋复合除尘器的方案。改造后电袋除尘器各项指标均达到设计要求,保证300MW发电机组满负荷运行。     

干酵母生产废水处理方案的改造及应用

干酵母生产废水是一种高浓度有机废水,COD高达13,000mg/L,色度在900倍以上。原方案采用厌氧、硝化(曝气)、反硝化、化学混凝等工艺,但水质不能达到排放标准,且运行成本高。采用EM(有效微生物)技术对原方案进行改造后,废水处理收到较好的效果,并降低了运行成本。     

浅论企业自行监测方案中执行排放标准的审核

分析了企业自行监测方案中执行污染物排放标准在适用类别、标准变更、适用范围、涵盖的污染物种类等方面存在的主要问题及原因,并从企业执行排放标准的原则、排放标准变更及(执行)时间变化、工艺特点与排放标准的关系、排放污染物种类的识别等角度,提出了审核时应把握的关键点。     

水体富营养化综合水质模型及其应用研究

针对水体富营养化问题，探讨了一种多参数水体富营养化的水质生态模型（ＷＡＳＰ４）。在阐述其原理和计算方法的基础上结合汉江武汉段１９９２年性水华事件的实例进行水质模型，其特点是，不仅能够较好地模拟浮游植物的变化过程。而且能够提供发生水华问题的原因和生态机理的解释。     

水污染控制管理方案优化研究——以胶州湾东北部为例

以水质目标和管理费用为约束条件,建立了水污染控制管理方案优化模型,并将其成功应用于胶州湾东北部的水污染控制管理,提出了有利于胶州湾东北部经济和水环境可持续发展的优化管理方案。实例研究表明,该优化模型可应用于水污染控制管理中,可为海岸带地区制定水污染控制方案提供科学依据。     

中药类制药工业污染物排放自行监测方案编制要点

分析了中药类制药工业企业自行监测方案的编制依据,以及中药制药生产工艺类型和污染排放特征,在此基础上确定了其污染物排放自行监测方案和周边环境质量影响监测方案的主要内容。针对废水、废气、噪声3类主要污染因子,明确了监测点位、监测指标、监测频次设定的注意事项,以及自行监测相关信息记录的内容要求。