浙江白垩系的深化研究与新进展

根据岩石地层学、生物地层学和年代地层学资料，将浙江省陆相白垩系划分为３统、５群、１７组，并将其所含化石划分为建德、水康、衢江三个生物群。以综合地层学手段研究了白垩系的区域地层对比框架。在多学科综合研究，特别是在对一些岩石地层成因机制进行深层次研究的基础上，对浙江白垩系主要的关键性、疑难性地层问题，提出了一些新的认识：（１）“塘上组”底部砾岩为与火山爆发有成因联系的湖泊重力流沉积，并非底砾岩，因而“天台群”不是“新的构造亚层”，而基本上是火山岩型永康群；（２）“塘上组”、“小平田组”等人山活动成因的“组”，都是中白垩世时局部性火山事件形成的不等时、不连续的地质体，不是层位固定的岩石地层单位；（３）中戴组、方岩组、“赤城山组”都是晚白垩世早期地壳重力均衡调整作用中，在不同地区形成的同一套类磨拉石建造，并非层位不同的“三套”类磨拉石建造。     

硫酸铜的使用对农业土壤影响及对策

针对绥中县某生产基地在白梨生产中施用硫酸铜的问题，进行了土壤中重金属含量的监测。监测数据表明：土壤中铜含最有不同程度的增高，但没有达到危害农作物和果树正常生长的地步，最高含量达到6．910mg／kg为控制铜污染的进一步加剧，提出了相关对策。     

Impacts of Climate Change on the Distribution of Larix Spp. and Pinus Sylvestris and Their Climatypes in Siberia

Inter- and intraspecific effects of climate change were assessed for the dominant conifers of Siberia (60–140^∘E and 48–75^∘N): Larix spp. (L. sibirica, L. dahurica, and L. sukaczewii) and Pinus sylvestris . The approach employed a tri-variate (degree-days above 5 ^∘C, degree-days below 0 ^∘C, and a moisture index) estimate of the climatic envelope within which exists the actual ecological distribution of a species and their constituent climatypes (genotypes physiologically attuned to similar environments). Limits of the actual ecological distribution were approximated by reducing the climatic envelope according to effects of permafrost and interspecific competition. Climatypes were mapped within the climatic envelope according to the climatic interval that must separate populations for reasonable assurance of genetic differentiation. This interval was calculated from response functions that related 13-year growth and survival of a species to the difference in climate between the provenance of a climatype and the climate of numerous test sites distributed across Russia. Mapping species' distributions and their climatypes was done for the contemporary climate and for future climates predicted by the HadCM3GGa1 scenario of Hadley Centre. The results showed that if the forests of the future are to reflect the adaptedness of today, the distribution of species will shift and genotypes within species will be redistributed. Some contemporary climatypes are projected to disappear from Siberia while others common elsewhere would evolve. To mitigate these effects, climatypes should be transferred today to the expected future location of their climatic optima, a distance that is likely to approach 700–1200 km for these species.     

滨海沙滩造林种果后土壤理化性质的变化

在滨海沙滩营造木麻黄防护林，林带老化后进行更新，部分林地改种潮州柑或芒果而成为果园，并于其间套种农作物或牧卓；结果表明，人为耕作活动对土壤的热化起到了明显的促进作用．在造林种果的同时，大量肥料的施入及优质客土改良了土壤，使＞１．０ｍｍ的砂粒比例明显减少，＜０．０１ｍｍ的粉粘粒及土壤养分含量明显增加，其中沙草地、防护林及果园，０—４０ｃｍ土壤粉粘粒含量分别为５６．４ｇ／ｋｇ、５９．６ｇ／ｋｇ和１０８．９ｇ／ｋｇ，土壤有机质为０．７１ｇ／ｋｇ、２．０２ｇ／ｋｇ和４．１１ｇ／ｋｇ；土壤氮素含量随有机质提高而提高，柑园速效磷和钾含量是沙草地的３７倍和３．５倍，然而防护林的种植对土壤速效磷和钾的影响却不明显；由于雨水淋洗，土壤盐分减少；又由于酸性化学肥料的大量施入，土壤ｐＨ值由８．３下降为５．３．果园的营建，明显改善了土壤的肥力状况及其保水保肥性能，提高了沙滩地的利用价值及生态经济效益．     

叶面喷施磁处理复合肥对新红星（Starkrimson）苹果树营养元素的影响

叶面喷施磁处理复合肥对新红星（Ｓｔａｒｋｒｉｍｓｏｎ）苹果树营养元素的影响程文林，杨佩芳，刘和，陈晓春，高美英（山西农业大学大谷０３０８０１）关键词磁处理复合肥，根外追肥，新红星苹果树，营养元素ＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＭＡＧＮＥＴＩＺＥＤＣＯＭＰＯＵＮＤＦＥ...     

珠江三角洲冲积平原种植热带果树的土壤条件探讨

以广州市番禺区万顷沙十五涌的土壤为例，探讨珠江三角洲冲积平原种植热带果树的土壤条件。该地土壤位于珠江三角洲冲积平原，是由工人围海造田而成的，有关部门计划在此大面积种植木瓜、杨桃、番石榴等热带果树。通过在种植果树前进行土壤本底调查，摸清土壤养分含量状况，找出土壤存在问题，并结合果树生长的需要，提出土壤利用改良意见。降低地下水位，合理施肥，建立合理的间套作制度，是提高和稳定土壤肥力的基本措施。     

城市绿化树种的选择与配置——以兰州市西固工业区为例

本文以地处中国西北干旱区的兰州市西固工业区为例，考察了该区绿化历史和现状，在此基础上，指出城市绿化树种的选择必须符合当地自然地理特征、城市发展状况、环境污染特征的原则，树种的配置应充分考虑绿化效益的发挥，同时兼顾经济可行性，并对兰州市西固工业区绿化提出了针对性的建议。     

大气中氟化物和二氧化硫对连云港市郊果树、蔬菜的影响

通过植物监测,对连云港市郊局部地区果树、蔬菜等连年来品质产量下降的原因进行研究。结果发现大气中氟化物(HF)含量高,局部以化工为主的地区污染较为突出,已对果树、蔬菜造成直接危害。此外,二氧化硫(SO_2)及其复合污染也存在一定影响。     

Occurrence of severe floods in the Salado River Basin,Buenos Aires province,Argentina

Floods in the Salado Riverbasin, Argentina, seriously affect bothhuman activities and the environment.Inadequate and improper water managementaggravates the effects of natural extremeevents. The damage caused by the extremeflood in 1993 cost US$507 million,affected 14,500 farmers and flooded6,500,000 ha within the basin. This paperanalyses natural trends within the rainfalland riverflow records, and considers thepossible effects of human interference. Theriver basin is mainly underlain byimpermeable soils with a high water table.The soil factor and the low topographicgradients often produce surface run-off withslow lateral drainage. Very often, heavyrainfall associated with high soil moisturecontent leads to flooding of the basin.Three major flood events that have occurredsince 1960 have been analysed. Floodoccurrences have been placed in the contextof precipitation variability and soil waterstorage. The precipitation records of twolong-term stations in the basin (Junin andDolores) show an increasing trend and thisis due to rainfall increases in the warmseason. However, none of the rain eventsreached the probable maximum precipitationof 100 year return period. The dischargerecords of the Salado River are comparedwith the pattern of the ElNiño/Southern Oscillation and it isfound that only the May discharge anomaliesare weakly related to the El Niñodriven climate variability. Results fromthis study are useful for the formulationof flood mitigation measures. The paperconcludes with a consideration of the floodmitigation policy developed in PlanMaestro.     

Atmospheric deposition of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in urban and suburban areas of Korea

Bulk atmospheric samples (wet and dry) were collected monthly throughout a year at urban and suburban areas of Korea to assess the deposition flux and seasonal variations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs). The PCDDs/DFs deposition fluxes ranged from 1.0 to 3.7 ng TEQ/m²/year in the urban area and from 0.5 to 4.6 ng TEQ/m²/year in the suburban area. The deposition fluxes of PCDDs/DFs in this study were comparable to or lower than those previously reported at different locations. The atmospheric deposition fluxes of particles and PCDDs/DFs in winter tended to be higher than those in summer. However, monthly variations between particle and PCDDs/DFs deposition fluxes were small, and the correlation coefficients between the deposition fluxes of air particles and each homologue group of PCDDs/DFs varied according to the degree of chlorination of the homologue group. The deposition velocity of PCDDs/DFs in the urban area was estimated at 0.04 cm/s, which is a lower value than those found in other studies. The two most likely factors affecting the monthly variation of deposition fluxes are the ambient temperature and the amount of precipitation. In particular, the ambient temperature had an influence on the lower chlorinated homologues of PCDDs/DFs while precipitation had an influence on the higher chlorinated PCDDs/DFs. The PCDDs/DFs profiles in atmospheric deposition bulk samples showed a similar pattern at the urban and suburban sites. The possibility of the loading of PCDDs/DFs by Asian dust events could be partly confirmed by investigation of homologue profiles.