Effects of physical exercise on musculoskeletal disorders,stress and quality of life in workers

Background. The effect of physical exercise in the workplace (PEW) on health promotion of workers is contradictory. Objective. To evaluate the effects of the PEW in musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), perception of stress and quality of life in workers. Methods. The participants were divided into two groups: control group (n?=?46) including non-participant workers of the PEW program, and PEW group (n?=?50) including workers who regularly participate in the exercise program. All workers answered the Nordic general questionnaire, the perceived stress scale and the quality-of-life questionnaire. Results. The PEW group reported a lower prevalence of MSDs for the trunk in the last 7 days and 12 months (p?=?0.021 and p?=?0.001, respectively), and for the upper limbs in the last 12 months (p?=?0.001) compared with the control group. The results for the perception of stress and quality of life showed no significant differences between the groups. Conclusion. PEW is a potential method to reduce MSDs in workers, but it was not efficient in reducing stress levels or improving the quality of life of the workers.     

突发事件应急推演系统平台分析与设计

本文首先以近几年几起典型事故为例,提出开展应急演练的重要意义,并在简要回顾应急演练及其支持系统的功能与技术演化过程后,以“预防、监测、响应、恢复、重建”为五阶段,“减灾、准备”为基础活动的应急管理阶段模型为基础,规划推演系统平台的总体建设目标与应用范围,进一步归纳、分析系统平台的参与者与功能需求,提出以“推演项目”为核心,以“应急推演导调”、“应急推演学员”、“应急推演模拟员”、“应急推演评估员”和“应急推演管理员”五类角色为系统参与者的“系统总体功能框架”,并从物理实现的角度讨论了系统平台的技术特点与总体结构.     

运动对急性暴露于2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二恶英大鼠肝组织酶活性的影响

为了研究运动对2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二恶英(2,3,7,8-TCDD)急性暴露大鼠肝组织酶活性的影响,将40只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC)、染毒组(NT)、运动对照组(EC)、运动染毒组(ET)。染毒组(NT组与ET组)腹腔注射10μg·kg-1(以单位体重计)的TCDD,对照组(NC组与EC组)腹腔注射等量的玉米油;NT、NC组静养4周,ET、EC组运动(尾部负重5%游泳30分钟)4周。4周后,称重并宰杀大鼠,分离肝组织,称重后-80℃保存待测7-乙氧基异吩恶唑酮脱乙基酶(EROD)、7-乙氧基香豆素-O-脱乙基酶(ECOD)及芳香烃羟化酶(AHH)的活性。将数据进行多因素方差分析(MAVONA)处理,结果表明,染毒可降低大鼠体重,增加肝湿重和肝相对重量、增加EROD、ECOD活性;运动可增加大鼠肝相对重量、增加AHH的活性;染毒后运动可降低EROD、ECOD的活性。结论:急性10μg·kg-1(以单位体重计)TCDD染毒后4周可增加大鼠肝相对重量;4周的运动能有效降低TCDD对EROD、ECOD活性的激活作用。     

浅谈环境监测档案管理

环境监测档案属环境科技档案中的监测类，在环境监测、信息积累和环境科技研究中起着十分重要的作用。简述了环境监测档案管理依据、管理基础、保障措施和开发与利用。     

《中华人民共和国防震减灾法》执法时效浅析

《中华人民共和国防震减灾法》的实施,为作好防震减灾工作提供了法律依据和保障,标志着我国的防震减灾工作已纳入法制化管理的轨道。加强防震减灾法制建设,依法管理防震减灾工作,是实现防震减灾社会功能的根本保障。在本法律条文中,关于执法时效问题没有明确规定,本文通过对该问题的浅析,希望为本法的修订和防震减灾工作深入开展提供一些参考。     

A mixed methodology for evaluating use of evidence in conservation planning

Conservation practitioners widely recognize the importance of making decisions based on the best available evidence. However, the effectiveness of evidence use in conservation planning is rarely assessed, which limits opportunities to improve evidence-based practice. We devised a mixed methodology for empirically evaluating use of evidence that applies social science tools to systematically appraise what kinds of evidence are used in conservation planning, to what effect, and under what limitations. We applied our approach in a case study of the Nature Conservancy of Canada (NCC), a leading land conservation organization. We conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses of 65 NCC planning documents (n = 13 in-depth) to identify patterns in evidence use, and surveyed 35 conservation planners to examine experiences of and barriers to using evidence. Although claims in plans contained a wide range of evidence types, 26% of claims were not referenced or associated with an identifiable source. Lack of evidence use was particularly apparent in claims associated with direct threats, particularly those identified as low (71% coded as insufficient or lacking evidence) or medium (45%) threats. Survey participants described relying heavily on practitioner experience and highlighted capacity limitations and disciplinary gaps in expertise among planning teams as barriers to using evidence effectively. We found that although time-intensive, this approach yielded actionable recommendations for improving evidence use in NCC conservation plans. Similar mixed-method assessments may streamline the process by including interviews and refining the document analysis frames to target issues or sections of concern. We suggest our method provides an accessible and robust point of departure for conservation practitioners to evaluate whether the use of conservation planning reflects in-house standards and more broadly recognized best practices.     

基于ANP-DEA的城轨网络应急演练组合评价模型

应急演练综合评价是衡量应急演练效果好坏的关键。以城轨网络应急演练综合评价为研究对象,将城轨网络应急演练划分为演练准备、演练实施、演练总结三个阶段。针对评价指标间存在的关联关系,采用网络层次分析法(ANP)进行定量化处理,计算得到各评价指标综合权重,进而得到三个演练阶段的重要度。利用数据包络分析方法(DEA),分别计算三个阶段不同城轨线路应急演练的排序值,结合不同阶段的重要度,构建得到城轨网络应急演练的组合评价模型,实现对城轨网络应急演练效果的综合评价。结合算例,应用ANP-DEA组合模型,对某城轨网络的应急演练效果进行了综合评价。     

运动对2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二恶英急性暴露大鼠肝脏抗氧化能力的影响

观察8周中等强度游泳运动对2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二恶英(2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,2,3,7,8-TCDD)急性暴露大鼠肝脏氧化应激的影响。以8周龄雄性Sprague Dawley大鼠为研究对象,将大鼠随机分为玉米油静养组(NC组)、玉米油运动组(EC组)、TCDD静养组(NT)和TCDD运动组(ET组)。将TCDD溶于玉米油中,NT和ET组大鼠按照10μg·kg-1(以单位体重计)腹腔注射TCDD,NC和EC组大鼠注射等量玉米油。正式实验开始后,EC和ET组大鼠进行运动(尾部负重5%游泳30min),每周运动5 d,共8周,NC和NT组大鼠不进行任何运动干预。8周后,称重并宰杀大鼠,收集血清和肝组织样本,待测血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)的活性;肝组织丙二醛(MDA)含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性。将数据进行多因素方差分析,结果表明,染毒可升高大鼠血清AST的活性,增加肝脏MDA的含量,降低肝脏SOD、CAT和GSH-Px的活性;运动可降低大鼠肝脏GSH-Px的活性;染毒后运动可减少肝脏MDA的含量,升高肝脏SOD、CAT和GSH-Px的活性。研究表明,TCDD急性暴露可导致大鼠肝细胞功能受损,导致大鼠肝脏发生氧化应激。8周有氧运动改善TCDD急性暴露诱导的肝细胞损伤,改善肝脏氧化应激,这可能是运动改善TCDD肝毒性的机制之一。     

多媒体CAI课件常用素材文件的格式

在制作多媒体CAI课件中,常常会用到一些文件格式,如图象文件格式、声音文件格式及动态视频、动画文件格式.本文就是针对以上格式的性能、特点、使用、范围分别加以阐释.     

浅议环境预警监测常态化建设

阐述了中国环境预警监测存在的主要问题:监测信息支持系统不够先进、科学;优先监测对象未经优化论证;预警监测能力滞后;应急监测在应急处置工作中处于被动局面。在此基础上,笔者提出了强化环境预警监测应当确立常态化管理意识;开发监测信息支持系统;加强应急监测能力建设;组织各种应急演练等对策建议,对基层环境监管具有借鉴作用。