对加强我国环保产品结构调整的几点思考

本文针对当前环保产业调整中存在的问题,提出了需要解决的五个方面和应处理好的几个关系。     

秦皇岛市新能源利用发展对策研究

秦皇岛市在新能源的开发利用方面做了大量工作,但是在政策、产业和技术等方面仍需要进一步加强建设:调整新能源发展思路,制定新能源发展规划,围绕电价、税收等制定政策,并建立新能源基金,加强新能源利用技术产品的开发;做大做强新能源龙头企业,建设新能源示范工程和生态工业园区,开展技术创新,实施人才引进与培养工程,进行国际化运作。     

论环境影响评价制度

环境影响评价制度是环境保护的重要手段和措施,建立科学的环境影响评价制度是改善人类生存现状和获得良好环境质量的保障。笔者结合环保工作实际,从我国环境影响评价制度的形成与发展、环评实施过程中存在的问题及对策等方面进行探讨。     

油气储罐罐壁焊缝静载拉伸检测试验研究*

为建立磁记忆信号与罐体焊接缺陷演变的对应关系,获得以非接触方式检测焊缝处的磁记忆信号来实现对罐体的早期预警和无损检测技术,开展罐壁焊缝试样静载拉伸试验,研究油气储罐在静载拉伸过程中焊缝的磁记忆信号变化规律,并结合有限元模拟仿真进行磁场分布规律的分析。结果表明:磁记忆信号梯度值会在焊缝缺陷处产生突变;随着裂纹深度的增加,磁记忆信号梯度峰峰值呈线性增加,并且峰值随着拉伸载荷的增加而线性增加。     

Safety and reliability assessment of external corrosion defects assessment of buried pipelines—soil interface: A mechanisms and FE study

Due to local liquid accumulation (AL) in the low-lying section of the buried natural gas pipeline, external corrosion will occur at the interface between the pipeline and the soil. External corrosion will produce pit defects, which will reduce the bearing capacity of the pipeline and affect the normal operation of the pipeline. In addition, corrosion group defects can interact with each other. Thus, the service life of the pipeline is seriously affected. In this work, a case of local corrosion failure of the pipeline caused by liquid accumulation on-site is presented. The importance of this work is verified by experiment and field excavation. Besides, based on the Mises-Stress yield criterion, nonlinear analysis was carried out with the finite element method (FEM). The effects of internal pressure, corrosion pit defect size, internal and external wall corrosion, corrosion pit group, and different types of volumetric corrosion pit defects on the failure of L360QS steel pipe were analyzed with consideration of the effects of axial and circumferential zones of corrosion pits. These correlations have not been seen in previous studies. The FE results make up for the disadvantage that the corrosion is simplified to equal depth corrosion in the code, which will underestimate the residual strength of the actual corroded pipeline and lead to unnecessary repair or replacement. The results provide a reference for failure analysis and strength evaluation of buried L360QS steel pipe with corrosion defect.     

水热溶剂对Cu/CeO2-TiO2催化CO2加氢制甲醇反应性能的影响

以高暴露（001）面锐钛矿TiO₂为载体,使用3种不同溶剂（甲醇、乙二醇和丙三醇）水热负载CeO₂,进而以CeO₂-TiO₂为载体采用硼氢化钠还原法负载Cu,合成Cu/CeO₂-TiO₂催化剂用于催化CO₂加氢制甲醇.XRD、SEM、BET、ICP-OES、XPS、H₂-TPR、EPR和CO₂-TPD等表征表明,以 甲醇/水为混合溶剂合成的CeO₂-TiO₂（CT-M）载体中CeO₂粒径较小、Ce³⁺浓度较高,更有利于Cu的负载与分散,形成紧密接触的三相界面;其负载Cu的催化剂CCT-M经焙烧、还原后形成的CuCeTi三相界面相互作用更强,可产生更多的表面Ce³⁺、氧空位和体相Ti³⁺,表面Ce³⁺、氧空位和体相Ti³⁺等缺陷有利于CO₂的吸附活化,较小粒径的Cu则可加速氢解离,因此,CCT-M具有更多的CO₂加氢反应活性位点,表现出最优的CO₂加氢产甲醇活性.     

基于有限元的含腐蚀缺陷P110油管失效分析与安全评价

含有腐蚀缺陷油管在复杂的工作荷载下容易发生失效。建立了在内压与轴向力共同作用的复杂工作载荷下,含椭球型蚀坑缺陷与轴向沟槽型缺陷两种腐蚀缺陷的油管有限元模型。基于该模型研究了不同载荷工况下缺陷宽度、深度与长度对油管安全性及失效模式的影响。研究结果表明:腐蚀位置深度较浅时,椭球型蚀坑缺陷更危险,油管主要发生由轴力引发的断裂失效;腐蚀位置深度较深时,轴向沟槽型缺陷更危险,主要发生由内压引发的破裂失效。研究成果可为含腐蚀缺陷油管的安全评估提供依据。     

Screening of textile finishing agents available on the Chinese market: An important source of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to the environment

Kendrick mass defect was used for PFASs screening in textile finishing agents (TFAs). Total oxidizable precursor assay provides insight into unknown precursors. Perfluorooctane sulfonate was found as impurity in short ECF technology based TFAs. Perfluorooctanoate was also detected in C6 telomerization based TFAs. Long chain precursors were also observed in both types of TFAs. Organofluorinated surfactants are widely employed in textile finishing agents (TFAs) to achieve oil, water, and stain repellency. This has been regarded as an important emission source of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) to the environment. China is the biggest manufacturer of clothes, and thus TFA production is also a relevant industrial activity. Nevertheless, to date, no survey has been conducted on PFAS contents in commercially available TFAs. In the present study, TFA products were investigated by the Kendrick mass defect method. The quantification results demonstrated a significant presence of perfluorooctane sulfonate (0.37 mg/L) in TFAs manufactured by electrochemical fluorination technology. The products obtained by short-chain PFAS-based telomerization were dominated by perfluorooctanoic acid (mean concentration: 0.29 mg/L), whose values exceeded the limits stated in the European Chemical Agency guidelines (0.025 mg/L). Moreover, the total oxidizable precursor assay indicated high levels of indirectly quantified precursors with long alkyl chains (C7–C9). Together, these results suggest that there is currently a certain of environmental and health risks in China that originates from the utilization of TFAs, and a better manufacturing processes are required to reduce such risks.     

责任矩阵在隐患排查治理中的应用

隐患排查治理是企业安全管理的主线,排查治理对象除人的不安全行为、物的不安全状态和不良的工作环境外,更应侧重于管理缺陷。针对目前管理缺陷排查治理方法论研究较少的问题,将项目管理工具—责任矩阵引入隐患排查体系。结合安全管理的特点,建立了隐患排查治理责任矩阵流程和应用准则,并通过某隐患排查治理责任矩阵的建立和应用对该方法进行了验证。研究表明,责任矩阵便于查找隐患背后的管理缺陷,可推动企业由下向上逐步完善安全生产责任制,对持续提升企业安全生产管理水平具有一定指导意义。