Identification of acetylcholinesterase and cholinesterase in amniotic fluid by immune absorption technique

A method for immunological detection of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and cholinesterase (ChE) in amniotic fluid is described. By addition of a small amount of antihuman-erythrocyte membrane antibody or anti-pseudocholinesterase antibody to the sample before electrophoresis the two esterase bands on polyacrylamide gel (PAG) can be absorbed away. Similar staining results can also be obtained by specific inhibition of the two esterases with either BW 284C51 (AChE inhibitor) or Lysivane (ChE inhibitor). In cases with a faint AChE band and in cases with blood contamination the immune absorption technique makes interpretation easier. Nearly identical staining results have been obtained by the immune absorption technique and the inhibition technique in the following samples with an AChE band: 34 samples from pregnancies with severe fetal malformation or intrauterine death (2 cases), 4 fetal serum samples, 4 samples of cerebrospinal fluid, 4 samples of fetal erythrolysate and 4 samples of adult erythrolysate. It can be concluded that an antibody prepared against erythrocyte AChE cross-reacts with AChE in cerebrospinal fluid, and that this antibody can be used for demonstration of AChE in amniotic fluid.     

The early diagnosis of neural tube defects

The sonographic diagnosis of fetal neural tube defects (NTDs) has been enhanced by the recognition of associated brain and skull anomalies. Previous reports have found these anomalies to be accurate in predicting spina bifida after 16 weeks' gestation, and an inverse correlation was suggested between the presence of these sonographic markers and gestational age. Therefore, we assumed that early second-trimester sonography would be at least as accurate as that performed after 16 weeks' gestation. To examine this hypothesis, we looked for the presence of these cranial sonographic markers suggestive of open NTDs in 8011 low-risk cases, using transvaginal sonography (TVS), between the 12th and 17th week of gestation (menstrual age). Fetal NTDs were identified in ten cases (l.25%o). The NTDs were cervico-cranial in three, lumbo-sacral in six, and thoracal in one of the ten cases. None of the seven cases examined was dyskaryotic. Cerebellar dysmorphism, ‘banana’ sign, cerebellar absence, and hypoplasia were detected in all the low NTDs, usually before the detection of the spinal lesion. All the sonographically diagnosed malformations were confirmed by post-abortal examination except in one case, where the patient decided to continue the pregnancy and refused follow-up. We therefore conclude that transvaginal sonographic examination of the fetal skull before the 17th week of gestation is an accurate method for the detection of low NTDs.     

地下水中氮的表现形式及其污染的微生物控制

论述了地下水环境中氮的表现形式及其对地下水污染的途径和特点，提出了利用人工诱变得到的高效除氮菌来进行了地下环境除氮的理论和方法。通过模拟实验证明该方法是可行的，同时，细菌除氮效率，影响因素及其变化规律进行了研究，对方法应用过程中有关问题进行了讨论。     

间歇式加煤锅炉SO2的定电位电解法测试技术探讨

针对间歇式加煤锅炉SO2的排放特性和平均排放浓度测试,结合两种常用的智能烟气分析仪,列举定电位电解法在实际测试中的应用情况以及不同测试分析仪器的功能性特点,指出当前在实际测试过程中存在的人为随意性和易出现的测试误差,提出消除和减少误差的相应对策.     

湖北省环境质量和生态环境现状及防治对策

依据监测资料 ,分析了湖北的大气环境、地表水环境、降水与酸雨及城市噪声环境和生态环境的现状。并根据全省环境污染物及排放的特点 ,提出治理的对策建议。大气环境应着重二氧化硫排放负荷量大的电力、冶金等行业重点治理。水污染的治理应着重于工业污染源和生活污染源并重的特点进行治理 ,重点是汉江支流水域及“三河”、“三湖”COD的治理。生态环境保护应坚决贯彻执行湖北生态环境保护纲要 ,加大生态环境建设的投资力度     

"利达洲18"轮污染事故应急处理与思考

结合“利达洲18”轮溢油事故全过程,分析了应对突发性油污染事故存在的问题,提出了相应的意见和建议。     

Prenatal diagnosis of Fryns' syndrome

We report on a new case of ultrasonographic prenatal diagnosis of Fryns' syndrome during the second pregnancy of a young woman whose first child died 90 min after birth and was diagnosed as having this autosomal recessive condition. The feasibility of diagnosis in utero and timing in the phenotypic expression of this multimalformation syndrome are discussed.     

Adverse perinatal outcome in patients screen-positive for neural tube defects and fetal down syndrome

An association between various abnormal mid-trimester maternal serum analyte values and adverse perinatal outcome has been reported. From an original sample of 14 857 women, we observed five women who were ‘screen-positive’ for both neural tube defects [maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) ≥2·5 multiples of the median] and Down syndrome [risk ≥1/274 using MSAFP, maternal serum unconjugated oestriol (MSuE3), maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin (MShCG), and maternal age]. The four patients who elected to undergo amniocentesis all demonstrated both normal karyotype and normal amniotic fluid AFP levels. All five cases were associated with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and abnormal pregnancy outcomes. Two cases exhibiting severe IUGR on ultrasound examination were terminated at 19·1 and 21·2 weeks, respectively; the former also exhibited fetal calcifications and positive maternal serology for toxoplasmosis. In another case, fetal demise occurred at 36 weeks' gestation in a patient who had been treated for syphilis in the second trimester. Neither infection was confirmed in fetal tissue studies. Though resulting in live births, the remaining two cases required operative deliveries; emergency Caesarean sections for fetal distress were performed at 38 and 32 weeks, respectively, the latter case being associated with severe pre-eclampsia. We conclude that elevated mid-trimester MSAFP levels concurrent with maternal serum analyte values associated with increased risk for fetal Down syndrome may presage a poor perinatal outcome, particularly IUGR and possibly congenital infection.     

生态小区建设与环境影响评价

阐述了生态住宅小区的概念和特征、发展要求，以及环境影响评价概念、范围、主要环境问题及污染防治分析，提出环境影响评价存在的和有待完善的问题，指出引导开发与可持续发展相适应的绿色住宅产业，已成为当代环境影响评价工作者不可推卸的责任。     

石化工业园区区域环境风险后评价的风险识别

松花江污染事故发生后,国家更加重视对已有石化工业园区的风险排查以及事故预防,风险识别是风险评价与管理的基础。通过查阅相关资料以及类比分析,分析了已有区域风险识别与普通风险识别的不同,探讨了识别的原则和重点,指出了识别的程序和相应的方法,并给出了实例论证,为区域环境风险识别研究提供借鉴。