Setting conservation management thresholds using a novel participatory modeling approach

We devised a participatory modeling approach for setting management thresholds that show when management intervention is required to address undesirable ecosystem changes. This approach was designed to be used when management thresholds: must be set for environmental indicators in the face of multiple competing objectives; need to incorporate scientific understanding and value judgments; and will be set by participants with limited modeling experience. We applied our approach to a case study where management thresholds were set for a mat‐forming brown alga, Hormosira banksii, in a protected area management context. Participants, including management staff and scientists, were involved in a workshop to test the approach, and set management thresholds to address the threat of trampling by visitors to an intertidal rocky reef. The approach involved trading off the environmental objective, to maintain the condition of intertidal reef communities, with social and economic objectives to ensure management intervention was cost‐effective. Ecological scenarios, developed using scenario planning, were a key feature that provided the foundation for where to set management thresholds. The scenarios developed represented declines in percent cover of H. banksii that may occur under increased threatening processes. Participants defined 4 discrete management alternatives to address the threat of trampling and estimated the effect of these alternatives on the objectives under each ecological scenario. A weighted additive model was used to aggregate participants’ consequence estimates. Model outputs (decision scores) clearly expressed uncertainty, which can be considered by decision makers and used to inform where to set management thresholds. This approach encourages a proactive form of conservation, where management thresholds and associated actions are defined a priori for ecological indicators, rather than reacting to unexpected ecosystem changes in the future.     

曲轴锻模智能CAD系统

以曲轴模具设计为例 ,详细剖析了建造专家系统与实体图形库的基本原理和具体方法 ,并对二者的接口技术以及实体图形参数化处理进行了深入研究     

黄淮海地区棉花生产管理系统

综合运用作物模拟技术、知识工程技术，建立了黄淮海地区棉花生产管理系统（ＣＯＴＭＡＳ）。它由棉花模拟模型（ＧＯＳＳＹＭ）、棉田管理专家系统（ＣＭＥＳ）、图形用户界面（ＧＵＩ）和数据库组成，可以对棉花生产管理中的氮肥、水和植物生长调节剂（缩节安）的管理提供辅助决策，并应用ＣＯＴＭＡＳ对黄淮海棉区的代表品种中棉所１２、中棉所１７的种植密度和株行距配置进行了计算机模拟试验，结果分析表明：模拟试验选出的最优配比基本上与生产实际相吻合。     

MANAGING GROUND WATER QUALITY IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURAL ACTiVITIES1

ABSTRACT: Ground water quality is an environmental issue of national concern. Agricultural activities, because they involve large land areas, often are cited as a major contributor of ground water contaminants. It appears that some degree of ground water contamination from agricultural land use is inevitable, especially where precipitation exceeds evapotranspiration. For this reason, and because agriculture differs significantly from point sources of pollution, farmers, policymakers, and scientists need alternative management strategies by which to protect ground water. Mathematical models coupled to geographic information systems to form expert systems can be important management tools for both policymakers and agricultural producers. An expert system can provide farmers, researchers, and environmental managers with information by which to better manage agricultural production systems to minimize ground water contamination. Significant research is necessary to perfect such a system, necessitating interim ground water management strategies that include not only a strong research program, but educational and public policy components as well.     

城市施工扬尘控制管理先进经验及启示

国际上施工扬尘控制管理立法,由环保部门监管,突出扬尘源头控制和全过程管理,主要由建设单位承担施工期扬尘控制责任,要求采用最佳管理实践,重视扬尘排放量化管理,对违规行为处罚十分严厉.国内城市应吸取先进经验,推进扬尘防治地方性立法,赋予环保部门监管责权,利用排污申报与许可加强施工扬尘源头控制,加强全过程和内外部相结合的环保管理,推进扬尘排放标准研究和监测工作,实施精细化管理.     

专家系统在垃圾焚烧炉故障诊断中的应用

基于垃圾焚烧炉的历史工况记录以及相应数据,将故障树分析法与基于规则的诊断专家系统相结合。实现对垃圾焚烧炉的在线早期故障诊断。并以实际数据验证了该专家系统对焚烧炉进行早期故障的在线诊断的正确率在90%左右,具有实用性。     

国内经济区的发展实践对中原经济区的启示

基于中原经济区的特点,在全国20多个经济区中选择珠三角经济区、海西经济区、成渝经济区和武汉城市圈4个典型的经济区进行深入分析,通过总结、分析和对比它们各自的发展经验,得出对中原经济区建设和发展的重要启示。     

基于规则的露天矿土地复垦适宜性评价专家系统

根据土地复垦适宜性评价的主导因子法，利用CLIPS专家系统语言设计了基于规则的土地复垦适宜性评价专家系统，为露天煤矿土地复垦的土地利用方向提供了决策工具。     

活性污泥处理专家系统的构建

将活性污泥污水处理系统的预测知识、异常诊断知识及分析和控制知识进行整合，并利用基于Rough集的数据挖掘方法梳理、约简知识库，建立专家系统，实现对污水生物处理异常预测及专家诊断等功能。用VC．NET将CLIPS专家系统嵌入到基于网络的污水处理实时控制和数据采集实验平台系统中。通过多传感器的数据融合技术，经过对在线实时采集实验数据的分析，综合判断活性污泥的状态参数及其对系统的影响。