Influence of sewage culvert cover plate thickness on dynamic response and damage of the cover plate under gas explosion

In order to address the risk of combustible gas explosions in sewage culverts, a numerical model was established using ANSYS/LS-DYNA software. The model consisted of a culvert and a cover plate, and was used to study the effect of cover plate thickness (ranging from 0.08 m to 0.12 m) on the dynamic response and damage of the structure under explosive loads. The results indicated that, during the loading negative pressure stage, the equivalent stress peak value of the central monitoring unit of the cover plate first increased and then decreased with increasing cover plate thickness. Additionally, the maximum principal stress peak value first decreased and then increased, while the maximum shear stress peak value first increased and then decreased. During the loading positive pressure stage, the maximum principal strain peak value of the monitoring unit decreased overall with increasing cover plate thickness. However, the equivalent plastic strain peak value initially increased and then decreased gradually. The equivalent strain indicated that plastic damage occurred in the cover plate. Beyond a thickness of 0.11 m, increasing the cover thickness did not appear to enhance its resistance to plastic damage. The damage analysis revealed that as cover plate thickness increased, the peak displacement and velocity of the monitoring unit continued to decrease, while the overall stability and explosive resistance of the cover plate increased. Additionally, the number of damaged fragments decreased. However, once the cover plate thickness reached 0.11 m, the bonding performance of the reinforced concrete structure had been fully developed, increasing the thickness of the cover plate no longer had a significant impact on the explosive resistance of the cover plate.     

Study on acceleration and suppression properties of coal gangue with different void fractions on gas explosion propagation

Gas explosion is one of the main disasters in coal mining. Plenty of coal gangue are generally distributed in the disaster areas in gob. Experiments were carried out to explore the propagation law of the gas explosion distributed by coal gangue. The variation characteristics of the overpressure, pressure rise rate, and flame shape with void fractions were analyzed. The results showed that the effect of the coal gangue on the explosion intensity changed from suppression to acceleration with the increase of void fraction, the flame front upstream blockage area changed from laminar state to turbulent divergent state, and a reverse flame was formed. When the void fraction of the coal gangue was 0.50–0.65, the maximum overpressure downstream of the blocked area were positively correlated with the void fraction and the critical suppression range was between 0.50 and 0.55. When the void fraction was lower than 0.50, the flame was quenched in the coal gangue, neither the flame nor the pressure could pass through the blocked area. It is helpful to guide the improvement of coal recovery process to avoid the expansion of the explosion impact in coalmine gob.     

低温等离子体技术在乙烯装置VOCs治理中的应用

针对乙烯裂解装置污水会逸散出少量的VOCs气体,其苯系物及烯烃类物质含量高、恶臭明显、湿度大、浓度波动大,治理难度极大,所处环境为火灾爆炸危险区域且废气可能达到爆炸下限,安全控制措施要求高这一情况,建成了国内首套防爆型低温等离子体VOCs废气治理设施,在某石化公司防爆1区安全运行一年,实践证明:苯系物、烯烃、硫化物的去除效率可达98%以上,达到国标的各项要求,电气安全控制措施能够满足防爆1区。     

动高压法合成金刚石技术中的环境和安全问题分析

针对动高压法合成金刚石研究和生产实践中只重视产品的生产制备,而普遍忽视相关的安全和环境问胚的现实,从技术基本原理和工艺过程的主要环节对制备技术可能给社会安全、自然环境和工作人员的身体健康带来的危害进行了比较系统的分析.生产原材料及其反应废料和废气中包含了多种危险化学品或有毒害作用的物质,涉及爆炸品、酸性腐蚀品、氧化剂、有毒气体,如TNT、HClO4、HNO3、H2O2、HF、K2Cr2O7、Cl2、NO等.对它们的具体毒害特性进行了总结,对于相应的治理措施提出了建议.     

加大加强通风量对防止煤矿瓦斯爆炸的副作用

分析产生瓦斯爆炸的基本条件,指出在绝对瓦斯涌出量为5～75m3/min或更大的轻度瓦斯突出的异常情况下,风筒送入的风与突出的瓦斯混合,会在较长巷道内形成大量的瓦斯浓度处于爆炸上限与下限之间的可爆混气.风量越大,形成的可爆混气体积越大,如400m3/min的风量在2 min内就可形成≥842 m3的可爆混气.遇火源可发生强烈的爆炸甚至爆轰,造成较大的伤亡甚至整个矿井内大部分人员死亡.这表明,加大加强的风量对防止煤矿瓦斯爆炸起副(反)作用.这种副作用已在试验巷道用天然气爆炸试验中得到证明.目前煤炭界采取的各种措施不能有效地消除加大加强风量引起的副(反)作用.提出了2种消除副作用的措施,即瓦斯传感器断电与复电方法和抽吸方法,并经试验证明是有效的.     

空调压缩机冷媒爆炸反应特征分析

冷媒与空气的反应特征对空调压缩机安全性有重要影响.本文采用最小自由能原理,分别对两种冷媒R407C和R410A与空气的混合气体的爆炸反应参数进行了数值计算,得到了不同初始压力和不同冷媒含量条件下,混合气体爆炸反应温度和压力,分析了混合气体反应压力条件和爆炸极限范围.结果表明:初始压力低于0.2 MPa时,R407C-空气混合气体和R410A-空气混合气体均不会发生爆炸;初始压力超过0.3 MPa时,混合气体能够发生爆炸,爆炸反应温度和压力随着初始压力的升高而升高;R407C和R410A质量分数分别在34%、35%左右,混合气体反应温度和压力达到最大值.R407C和R410A易燃易爆特征相近;但爆炸范围都比氟利昂(R22)气体宽,即同样的条件下更容易发生爆炸.该计算结果能够为新型冷媒R407C和R410A的安全使用提供一定的依据.     

基于FLACS的LNG船舶泄漏爆炸过程数值模拟研究*

为研究大尺寸、全场景下LNG船舶卸货作业过程中的泄漏爆炸风险,构建某LNG接收站及其周边20.5 km2的区域场景模型,采用FLACS软件数值模拟LNG泄漏扩散、气云爆炸的演化过程。结果表明:LNG从卸料臂处以满输速率持续泄漏5 min,最大液池面积17 047 m2,最大汽化速率350 kg/m3,遇点火源发生气云爆炸,爆炸持续时间12 s,产生最高爆炸火球340 m和最大爆炸超压0.25 MPa,形成半径380 m轻伤区、150 m重伤区和60 m死亡区。     

Scenario derivation and consequence evaluation of dust explosion accident based on dynamic Bayesian network

In order to clarify the correlation between the evolution path of dust explosion accidents and emergency decision-making, and to accurately predict the disaster damage levels of various disaster bearing bodies. This paper extracts 56 key scenario elements from four aspects, namely state, answer, goal and environment, based on the analysis of typical dust explosion accident cases. At the same time, a general scenario evolution path of dust explosion accident is constructed. Using fuzzy number set theory and dynamic Bayes joint probability model, the accurate solution of scenario state probability was realized. With the help of accident cases and dynamic Bayes approach, the dust explosion consequence prediction index system and evaluation criteria were constructed, covering factors such as dust explosion intensity, casualties, direct economic losses, equipment damage, building damage, environmental damage and other factors. A polyethylene wax dust explosion accident in a city of China was used to verify the dust explosion accident scenario evolution model and consequences prediction model. The predicted results were in good agreement with the actual damage of various carriers of the accident, which indicated that the model could be used for dust explosion accident prediction and disaster loss prediction. The research results provided reference and technical support for the prediction of dust explosion accident evolution direction, emergency aid measures decision and deployment, disaster damage prediction and evaluation.     

管道截面对氢气/空气预混爆炸影响的实验研究

为研究管道截面对氢气/空气预混火焰形状与传播速度的影响,选用三个长度都为1m而截面尺寸不同的方形管道进行实验。实验结果表明,在截面为80mm×80mm的管道中,四种氢气浓度下预混火焰都发展形成了郁金香火焰。火焰传播速度呈现上升,下降,再上升的波动。在截面为100mm×100mm和150mm×150mm的管道中,只有在氢气浓度20%下形成郁金香火焰,并且传播速度也出现上述的波动。而在氢气浓度25%,30%,40%下,预混火焰都呈指尖形传至管口,未出现郁金香火焰,传播速度都是不断上升。三个管道对比中,截面为100mm×100mm的管道内火焰平均传播速度最快,且压力波第一峰值最大。     

油页岩含氧干馏工艺流程爆炸极限分析

根据干馏工艺流程配入适量氧气,可以降低载热气体需要预热的温度,以实现低能耗、易于工业生产的特点,设计了一套新型的有氧干馏工艺流程。有氧干馏工艺因其过程中存在可燃性混合物,有发生爆炸事故的可能性,通过实验对所收集的不同温度下的干馏气体的成分与含量进行了分析,结合爆炸极限理论,对该有氧干馏工艺流程的不同温度、不同惰性气体含量条件下可燃气体爆炸极限进行了分析计算。结果表明,可燃气体的浓度在整个反应升温过程中始终没有进入爆炸危险区域,说明该实验装置不具备爆炸危险性;对干馏工艺流程中氧气的输入量的控制,可以防止该工艺流程的火灾爆炸的发生。