基于HFACS的中国特别重大煤矿事故研究

特别重大煤矿事故一直被认为是中国最严重的社会问题之一。本论文的研究目标有两个。首先,分析中国特别重大煤矿事故的致因因素;其次,定量考察事故致因因素间的相互作用关系。基于HFACS模型,在层级层面上,94起特别重大煤矿事故的实证表明:"不安全行为"的发生频率最高;在类别层面上,"监管不力"的发生频率最高;在指标层面上,"对违法行为失察或制止不力"的发生频率最高。借助OR技术,计算得出上一层级对下一层级指标的影响关系,并得到了一系列致因因素间的影响路径,这为遏制和预防特别重大煤矿事故提供了"路线图"。     

煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故的防治对策

我国煤矿日趋严重的瓦斯爆炸事故灾害严重地威胁着矿井工作人员的生命安全，制约矿井生产的发展，给煤炭企业带来沉重的负担，从安全科学的角度及其事故原因分类出发，提出了防治我国煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故的对策。     

Occupancy Patterns of Regionally Declining Grassland Sparrow Populations in a Forested Pennsylvania Landscape

Organisms can be affected by processes in the surrounding landscape outside the boundary of habitat areas and by local vegetation characteristics. There is substantial interest in understanding how these processes affect populations of grassland birds, which have experienced substantial population declines. Much of our knowledge regarding patterns of occupancy and density stem from prairie systems, whereas relatively little is known regarding how occurrence and abundance of grassland birds vary in reclaimed surface mine grasslands. Using distance sampling and single‐season occupancy models, we investigated how the occupancy probability of Grasshopper (Ammodramus savannarum) and Henslow's Sparrows (A. henslowii) on 61 surface mine grasslands (1591 ha) in Pennsylvania changed from 2002 through 2011 in response to landscape, grassland, and local vegetation characteristics . A subset (n = 23; 784 ha) of those grasslands were surveyed in 2002, and we estimated changes in sparrow density and vegetation across 10 years. Grasshopper and Henslow's Sparrow populations declined 72% and 49%, respectively from 2002 to 2011, whereas overall woody vegetation density increased 2.6 fold. Henslow's Sparrows avoided grasslands with perimeter–area ratios ≥0.141 km/ha and woody shrub densities ≥0.04 shrubs/m². Both species occupied grasslands ≤13 ha, but occupancy probability declined with increasing grassland perimeter–area ratio and woody shrub density. Grassland size, proximity to nearest neighboring grassland ( = 0.2 km), and surrounding landscape composition at 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 km were not parsimonious predictors of occupancy probability for either species. Our results suggest that reclaimed surface mine grasslands, without management intervention, are ephemeral habitats for Grasshopper and Henslow's Sparrows. Given the forecasted decline in surface coal production for Pennsylvania, it is likely that both species will continue to decline in our study region for the foreseeable future. Patrones de Ocupación de Poblaciones Regionalmente Declinantes de Gorriones de Pastizales en un Paisaje Boscoso de Pennsylvania     

某橡胶轮胎企业2010年工伤事故的调查分析

为了解某橡胶轮胎企业工伤事故的情况,应用有关安全管理理论和统计分析方法,对2010年的66起工伤事故进行回顾性调查,分析工伤事故发生的环境,以求找出事故发生原因及分布规律、特征,探讨工伤事故的危险因素,并结合橡胶轮胎的工艺装备条件,利用可实现的技术和策略,提出事故防范和控制的对策。     

新汶矿区大气环境污染现状及防治对策

通过对新汶矿区大气污染源、大气环境质量现状的调查分析，探求矿区大气污染的主要原因，并提出解决的方法途径。     

煤及木材燃烧飞灰中有毒金属形态分布

选取３各燃煤产生的飞灰颗粒物和一种燃木产生的飞灰作为研究对象,为了更好地了解颗粒物上有毒金属被浸取进入液相情况,分析３种不同浸取剂（二乙三氯五乙酸（ＤＴＰＡ）、乙二胺四乙酸（ＥＤＴＡ）和氨三乙酸（ＮＴＡ））的提取液中有毒金属Ｐｂ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ、Ａｓ、Ｓｒ等的含量。结果表明,金属浓度因飞灰种类、浸取剂种类及金属本身类型不同而不同。由于颗粒物上金属的生物可利用性、毒性及可流     

煤炭企业清洁生产的中/高费方案评述

简述了煤炭企业在清洁生产审核过程中如何产生中／高费方案，分析了中／高费方案所占的比例。通过3个工程实例的分析证明，中／高费方案的实施给煤炭企业带来良好的环境效益和经济效益。     

淮南煤矸石综合利用对策探讨

对淮南市煤矸石的排放、组成特性、产品的技术可行性、市场需求等进行分析、论证，提出适合淮南市煤矸石产品综合利用的主要方法对策，并从经济环境效益发生进行了优选。     

矿井瓦斯危险状态评价研究

运用模糊系统理论,按照瓦斯危险状态存在的模糊客观性,提出了瓦斯危险状态评价语言因于描述方法;结合提出的矿井瓦斯危险状态程度及其存在程度的可能性度量方法,构成了瓦斯危险状态评价的多值化描述方法,而且包含了更多的状态描述信息,对指标间相互关联制约作用进行了进一步的研究,挖掘了指标间相互关联制约对评价结论的本质影响．     

Heavy metals and arsenic fixation into freshwater organic matter under Gammarus pulex L. influence

Organic sediments are a main sink for metal pollutants in aquatic systems. However, factors that make sediments a sink of metals and metalloids are still not clear. Consequently, we investigate the role of invertebrate shredders (Gammarus pulex L.) on quality of metal and arsenic fixation into organic partitions of sediment in the course of litter decay with laboratory microcosm experiments. During the decomposition of leaf litter, G. pulex significantly facilitated the development of small particles of organic matter. The capacity of metal fixation was significantly higher in smaller particles than leaf litter and litter residuals. Thus, G. pulex enhanced metal fixation into the organic partition of sediments by virtue of increasing the amount smaller particles in the aquatic system. Furthermore, invertebrates have a significant effect on formation of dissolved organic matter and remobilization of cobalt, molybdenum and cesium, but no significant effect on remobilization of all other measured elements.