湖北省某钢铁厂工业区及周边铅污染调查

为了解湖北省某钢铁厂周边铅污染的现状,通过对钢铁厂工业区及其周边乡村的土壤、蔬菜、居民体内和排污渠污泥中铅元素含量的研究,其结果表明:钢铁厂周围的土壤、蔬菜、居民均受到了一定程度的铅等重金属元素的污染,其含量高于国家标准或正常范围;钢铁厂工业区周边土壤铅污染主要由于工业废气(烟尘)扩散沉降和废水灌溉引起;污染区人体尿样中铅元素含量(116～160 ng/mL)普遍超标,头发样(2.09～12.04 μg/g)基本正常,尿样比头发样更能显示铅等重金属元素在人体内的分布特征.     

碾泥车间主厂房爆破拆除安全技术

介绍了在复杂环境下碾泥车间主厂房定向爆破拆除的成功经验.在对主厂房进行较为充分的预处理基础上,选择了合理的炸高和起爆网路,采用了可行的爆破安全技术,爆破达到了预期效果,可供类似工程参考.     

Environmental forensic investigation of the air pollution from a cement manufacturing unit

Abstract

Cement manufacturing is a process that results in the emission of significant quantities of suspended particulate matter (SPM) to the ambient air. An environmental forensic investigation was carried out in the surroundings of a major cement manufacturing unit at a place called Coimbatore in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The investigation was carried out to identify the contribution of the cement manufacturing unit to the SPM concentration of the surrounding air environment. The sampling points’ selection and sample collection were done following the principles outlined in the INTERPOL Manual for Pollution Crime Forensic Investigation. On-site monitoring of the air samples was carried out using Mini Laser Aerosol Spectrometer (GRIMM, Mini-LAS Model 11R). The instrument was capable of measuring particles ranging from 0.25 to 32 µm and classifying them into 31 size channels. The test results at majority of the monitoring locations were well above the limits specified in the National Ambient Air Quality Standards of India. Microscopic studies of the dust samples were carried out for surface texture and particle shape. The spatial distribution of particles was analysed using geographic information system (GIS) for the visual identification of the extent of the pollution by keeping the cement factory as the focal point. The results from the GIS and microscopic analysis established the role of the cement factory in the particulate matter pollution of its surroundings, specifically in the areas North-West of the factory. The successfully adopted procedure can serve as a guideline for the environmental forensic investigation of similar pollution incidences.     

ZnO/LixNi1-xO光催化降解甲基橙的研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备LixNi1-xO和ZnO粉体,利用球磨法制备ZnO/LixNi1-xO复合粉体,以紫外光为光源,通过降解甲基橙,研究了锂掺杂及n-p复合对氧化镍的光催化性能影响。结果表明：当投放量为0.1 g/L,x≤0.075（摩尔分数）的锂掺杂氧化镍均比未掺杂氧化镍的光催化活性高。当锂掺杂摩尔分数为0.025,投放量为0.4 g/L时锂掺杂氧化镍的光催化活性最佳,甲基橙最高降解率达到93.1%。当ZnO/Li0.025Ni0.975O在质量比为1∶1,投放量为0.2 g/L时光催化活性最佳,甲基橙最高降解率达到98.1%。     

烟草行业的火灾特点及其监测方法的讨论

烟厂是火灾危险性较大的部门，加强其火灾的早期探测报警是防止火灾发生、减少火灾损失的重要方面。本文对烟厂中各主要生产环节的火灾特点作了分析，指出应针对各部分的特殊性采取适当的火灾探测方法并对现在常用的一些火灾探测技术在烟厂中的适用性作了讨论，认为现有的光束式火灾探测器较适用于内部空间较大的烟厂仓库和厂房。对安装了电视监控系统的企业，建议将其与计算机图象分析技术相结合，增加其防火监视功能。     

小氮肥厂的三废及其治理

论述了小氮肥厂生产中废水、废气和废渣和产生及其废水，废气的治理方法与效果。介绍了利用废渣制砖和水泥的技术。     

典型酿造业厂界无组织排放VOCs污染特征与风险评价

为探明酿造企业厂界无组织排放VOCs的浓度特征、恶臭污染及健康风险,采用便携式气相色谱-质谱仪对典型酿造企业醋厂和酒厂厂界无组织排放VOCs进行监测,分析研究其VOCs的浓度水平和组成特征,采用阈稀释倍数和感官测定法对VOCs进行恶臭分析,并进行了健康风险评价.结果表明,醋厂和酒厂厂界无组织排放VOCs的总浓度分别为0.968 mg·m~(-3)和0.293 mg·m~(-3).醋厂排放的VOCs中乙酸乙酯和乙酸含量较高,分别占总VOCs的76.3%和13.5%.酒厂排放的VOCs中以乙醇和己酸乙酯为主,分别占总VOCs的56.3%和30.4%.含氧VOCs是酿造企业污染源排放的主要组分.两厂总恶臭指数均大于1,表明其无组织VOCs排放对大气环境存在恶臭污染,且其臭气浓度均超过恶臭污染物厂界标准限值.醋厂和酒厂VOCs致癌风险指数分别为2.45×10~(-6)和5.25×10~(-6),超过了EPA致癌风险值(1.0×10~(-6)),但未超过OSHA致癌风险值(1.0×10~(-3))_及ICRP最大可接受的风险值(5.0×10~(-5)).     

厂内铁路、公路道口信号微机控制系统

介绍了铁路道口信号、公路交通信号并存出现矛盾时的一种解决方法及控制模式,就控制系统的组成、工作原理及特点作了论述,构成的系统具有一定的代表性。运行表明：解决了铁路道口信号与公路交通信号不兼容的问题,有效地保障了铁路道口区域过往车辆及行人的安全,取得了预期的效果。     

Environmental Accumulation of Airborne Fluorides in Romania

The nature and extent of pollution from an aluminium smelter and a fertiliser factory in Romania were studied. These are large industrial complexes, and both types of industry are known to release fluorides into the atmosphere. In grass samples collected from around the aluminium smelter, the maximum fluoride levels were found to be 4023mgkg^–1 and 162mgkg^–1 in unwashed and washed grass samples respectively, and 89mgkg^–1 in soils. For the fertiliser factory, the maximum levels in washed grasses were found to be 207mgkg^–1, and 11mgkg^–1 in the soils. In both locations, these maximum values were obtained in samples collected from within 200m of the factory limits, and compare with regional background levels of less than 10mgkg^–1 for grasses and 2mgkg^–1 for soils. The high fluoride levels of fluoride in the grasses are sufficient to give cause for concern for the effects that these could have on the local population and on grazing animals.     

轻型厂房的几种基础型式经济性比较

针对上部结构荷载不大，场地内回填土较厚且回填时间较长的某一轻型厂房，笔者选择人工挖孔桩，冲击式夯扩桩和换土垫层三种不同的基础施工方案进行比较，在保证强度、刚度、稳定性和严格控制基础沉降的前提下，从不同的角度作出工程技术经济分析，对类似工程具有一定的参考作用．