军用飞机结构局部环境谱编制的工程方法

简要阐述了飞机结构的腐蚀特点,给出飞机结构局部环境谱的定义。在某典型机场地面停放环境谱的基础上,综合考虑关键部位的结构形式、密封性等因素,以某型飞机机翼Ⅳ梁接头为例,对飞机结构局部环境谱编制的工程方法进行了探索。     

Effect of heavy metals on soil nematode communities in the vicinity of a metallurgical factory

The influence of Cu and Zn on soil nematode communities was examined along a pollution gradient with increasing distance from a metallurgical factory. Total and available heavy metal contents were used to study the effects of heavy metals on nematode abundance, trophic groups and ecological indices. The results demonstrated significant correlations between the number of total nematodes, bacterivores, plant-parasites and the total and available heavy metals. Bacterivores and plant-parasites were the dominant trophic groups. Significant differences in different sampling sites were found only in the number of bacterivores（P〈0.01）. The Shannon-Weaver diversity index（W）, trophic diversity index（TD）, evenness index（J＇） and dominance index（λ） were found to be sensitive to soil pH and C/N ratios. Significant correlations were found between the total nematodes （TNEM）, some genera （A crobeloides, Aphelenchoides, Cephalobus, Ditylenchus, Mesorhabditis, Tetylenchus and Tylenchus） and distance from the factory.     

制衣废水处理工程的工艺设计及调试

采用混凝沉淀-水解酸化-二级接触氧化工艺处理东莞某制衣公司废水。运行结果表明,在pH调节为7～7．5,某混凝剂投加量为20mg／L,水解酸化停留时间为6h,有机负荷为1．5kgBOD5／（m^3．d）时,COD、BOD5和色度的平均去除率分别为86％、92％YO90％,出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》（688978—1996）二级标准。给出了混凝加药单元及接触氧化池单元的调试方法,并对可能出现的问题提出了解决的措施。     

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers in an MDF furniture factory in eastern Thailand

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors contributing to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among 439 workers in an MDF furniture factory using questionnaires and the risk assessment form of the Ergonomic Assessment Tool for Arthritis technique to assess aspects of the workstations and working postures of jobs. With regard to factors that affected MSDs, it was found that workers older than 50 years were having knee symptoms: their adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was 18.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.51, 226.40]. Those who had been working for 1–2 years were having neck pain symptoms: aOR 12.01, 95% CI [1.82, 79.43]. The recommendation of this study is that health monitoring should be provided for workers who have pain in various parts of their bodies, especially those who have been working for 6–10 years, and those who are over 50 years old with knee pain.     

北京市典型农业区域大气环境氨浓度动态变化分析

2015年对不同季节北京市某农业区域大气环境氨浓度进行了监测分析,结果表明:养殖场和有机肥料厂为农业区域内最重要的氨排放源,其厂界下风向氨的最高浓度分别可达3.52和4.27 mg/m ³。农业区域内大气氨浓度季节性和昼夜变化明显,夏秋季节高,冬春季节低;午后高,夜间低。农业区域内日间大气氨浓度由高到低依次为有机肥料厂、养殖场、农田、道路、居住区、林地;夜间有机肥料厂和养殖场的大气氨浓度依旧较高,但影响范围显著降低,农田、居住区和道路附近大气氨浓度显著降低。农业区域内居住区周边大气氨浓度远低于GB 14554—93《恶臭污染物排放标准》,并不会对人体造成影响。     

水利枢纽施工干扰区生态系统综合评价

针对水利枢纽施工过程中对周边环境的干扰机制,提出生态系统综合评价指标体系,利用RBF神经网络建立水利枢纽施工干扰区生态系统综合评价模型,并以尼尔基水利枢纽为例,对其施工干扰区生态系统进行综合评价。评价结果表明各指标在施工期间均跌到最低点,其中受影响最大的就是社会进步指标和景观生态性指标。但是在恢复过程中,这两类指标的上升幅度也是最大的,自然生态环境具有较强的稳定性,但当外界干扰超过其自身的承受能力时,对其进行恢复的难度也是很大的。可见,RBF生态评价模型可以对施工干扰区生态现状进行评价,评价结果为干扰后的生态环境恢复与重建提供理论依据,也可对治理后的效果进行预测评价,并为其他水利枢纽工程施工干扰区生态恢复与重建提供科学借鉴。     

填埋场地电模型的电学特性

利用高压直流电法进行了填埋场人工合成衬层漏洞检测,当供电电压为400,350,300V时,改变供电方向,地电模型表现出不同的电学特征.结果表明,由于高密度聚乙烯和土壤充分接触,在其接触面上形成类似于PN结的导电膜.当膜下电极为负时,模型所表现出的容性特征远超过当膜下电极为正时所表现出的容性特征.探讨了这种导电膜的形成和机理,并得出电容的大小将随着衬层面积以及电压的增加而增长的结论.     

关于工厂企业绿地建设的探讨：以宝钢为例

生态园林是现代城市绿化发展的趋势和方向。对于污染较为集中的工厂企业来主,绿地建设是环境保护的重要方面。而发展生态园林,走绿地的生态建设道路已成为工厂企业发化的有效途径。本文从生态园林的指导思想出发,结合宝钢的绿化实例,探讨了工厂企业在绿地建设方面的若干问题。     

Site environmental assessment to an old paint factory in China

High ethyl-benzene and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) were found in the soil samples and groundwater samples during a site environmental assessment for an old paint factory in the city Changchun, Jilin province of China. The target old paint plant had been in operation for near 30 years by manufacturing resin and house paint. Driving force for this study was to identify potential environmental contamination existing in this paint factory which is located next to a new resident area under construction. The assessment result would be used as baseline environmental data input for remediation plan when the factory site will be changed into potential resident area in near future. The analytical data from the soil samples from different area of the factory which had high exposure to operation showed that solid waster storage area was contaminated with high heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and Zn) and waster paint storage areas were contaminated with ethyl-benzene, xylene and C9-C30 aromatic hydrocarbon solvent. The analytical data from the groundwater samples from different area of the factory showed that resin plant area and waster paint storage areas were contaminated with high concentration of naphthalene, ethyl-benzene and xylene which exceed the reference standard. Remediation action is recommended.     

玻璃厂氟污染对周围生态环境的影响

不同树种对氟化物的吸收能力有差异.吸收能力和抵抗能力之间并无明显的相关注,因此在氟污染源附近进行环境绿化时,必须选择吸氟和抗氟能力都较强的园林树种.氟污染具有方向性, 可以通过测定不同部位的叶片含氟量来确定污染源的方位.水洗后的叶片含氟量明显下降,说明玻璃厂排放的含氟烟气中,含氟粉尘占有重要地位.对防治玻璃厂的氟污染危害提出了合理的建议.