建阳市餐饮娱乐业环境污染问题分析与综合防治

分析了建阳市餐饮娱乐业环境污染的几个方面以及造成污染的原因，从政策法规、行政管理、技术改造等方面提出了对策。     

施工承包企业安全成本及其核算的研究

依据施工承包企业安全管理的目标、特点和程序,提出安全成本的概念和构成以及保证性安全成本对损失性安全成本的直接影响.同时,借助施工安全成本与安全度的关系、提高安全技术工作的经济合理性、加速构建施工承包企业安全成本核算制度,优化施工承包企业的安全管理工作,并为提高企业经济效益及社会经济运行的安全度奠定基础.     

加强联合 振兴环保产业

企业规模小 ,投资比较分散 ,规模效益不明显是我国环保产业发展、上水平的制约因素。要应付入关后的挑战 ,必须扶持、培植掌握高新技术 ,并能推动技术进步的环保骨干企业。     

构建环境友好生态型家庭的指标体系及其对策

中国已逐渐步入全面建设小康和谐生态型社会的发展阶段,构建环境友好生态型家庭是其中一项重要内涵。在遵循城市生态学原理的基础上,首次提出了环境友好生态型家庭的科学概念;其次,给出了建立环境友好生态型家庭应当遵循的5项原则和构建环境友好生态型家庭的具体指标体系;最后,给出了建设环境友好生态型家庭的具体对策和措施,并展望了中国未来的生态型家庭建设的相关目标。     

“绿色”滨江商务区建设思路初探以武汉市青山区滨江商务区为例

随着城市经济发展,城市空间结构改变,滨江地带的多功能、高密度开发成为必然趋势。滨江商务区的前期设计阶段既要重视其概念性城市设计和规划,又要有具体技术手段体现其“绿色”。以武汉市青山区滨江商务区为例,就如何体现“绿色”理念提出一些具体技术手段,为政府提供一些可供参考的建设思路。     

How does spouse career support relate to employee turnover? Work interfering with family and job satisfaction as mediators

Employee turnover is a major concern because of its cost to organizations. Although theory supports the influence of nonwork factors on turnover, our understanding of the degree to which nonwork factors relate to actual turnover behavior is not well developed. Using a sample of 5505 U.S. Army officers, we assessed the extent to which spouse career support related to reduced turnover four years later through work interfering with family (WIF) and job satisfaction as mechanisms. Results revealed that spouse career support decreased the odds of turnover, and WIF and job satisfaction sequentially mediated this relationship, with lower WIF and higher job satisfaction reducing the odds of turnover. Practical implications of using family support systems as retention interventions are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Relationship of firm attributes,ownership structure and business network on climate change efforts: evidence from Malaysia

This paper presents a case study of land-use/land-cover (LULC) changes from 1975 to 2014 in the central highlands of Ethiopia and traces out its impact on socioeconomic conditions of the local community in the study area. We used four time series Landsat satellite images, that is, Landsat MSS (1975), Landsat Thematic Mapper (1986), Enhanced Thematic Mapper (2000), and Landsat 8 OLI scenes (2014), to investigate the changes in LULC. In addition, individual interviews with 51 randomly selected households, discussions with focus group and key informants, and field observations were also incorporated for the study. The image classification indicated four categories of LULC classes: Natural forest, eucalyptus plantations, cropland/settlements, and grasslands. Between 1975 and 2014, cropland/settlements and eucalyptus plantations considerably increased, whereas grassland cover drastically decreased. According to the results, the area under cropland/settlements and eucalyptus plantations increased by 62 and 335%, respectively, with 74% concomitant decrease in the area of grasslands in the same period. Survey results showed that deterioration of soil fertility (41.2%) followed by shortage of land (35.3%) is the major constraint for crop production for poor farmers in the study area. However, better-off farmers ranked deterioration of soil fertility (64.7%) followed by lack of credit (17.6%) as priority constraints for crop production. Interviews mainly focused on selected women group revealed that the expansion of eucalyptus in the area greatly curbed the burdens of collecting fuel woods from long distances in the past. The availability of too many religious holidays (on average 16 days/month) directly or indirectly contributes to the current seasonal food shortages of the community. Generally, our results show that the community in the study area is beset with a host of social, economic, and institutional challenges. As a result, majority of the farming households are destitute, unable to make a livelihood from their small plot of land and live in absolute poverty. Therefore, in light of these finding, it is imperative that timely interventions by government and other development stakeholders are needed to come to grips with problems of soil fertility, land-use change, and food insecurity in the study area.     

城市家庭规模与结构对生活污水排放特征影响分析

以北京、上海、广州、兰州、昆明等5个城市30个中等收入城市家庭为研究对象,探讨了家庭规模、家庭结构对生活污水排放特征的影响.结果表明,城市家庭生活污水中各污染物排放量随家庭规模增大而增大,其中受家庭规模经济影响,COD、BOD的排放强度呈现出较为明显的边际递减规律,而TN、TP主要受家庭居民个体因素影响;综合考虑家庭规模、家庭结构的影响,首次提出家庭污染等效因子,把所考察的家庭转换成“等价(参照)家庭”,相对于参照家庭而言,所考察的家庭的污染排放状况与家庭污染等效因子成正比,由此反映不同家庭类型与生活污水排放之间的特定关系.     

日本企业减少环境负担的举措和启示

摘要本文分析了日本企业在环境管理方面采取的一些措施和执行的政策，并对比中国企业环境管理的现状和我国环境污染、生态恶化的严重性。提出了规范企业环境管理、采用3R原则及ICA法进行产品设计开发生产等建议。     

PROMOTING GROUND WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION IN SMALL BUSINESSES1

ABSTRACT: Although they have not been the focus of major regulations, small businesses can contribute pollutants to ground water through routine practices. Because strict regulation of millions of micro firms is not likely, water resource professionals face a challenge of how to reach small business operators with effective pollution prevention messages. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that influence a small business operator to adopt measures that reduce potential ground water pollution. We looked at how information delivery, internal business characteristics, and external relationships are associated with voluntary preventive measures. Mail surveys from small businesses in New Jersey municipalities and interviews with business owners provided data about business characteristics and current pollution prevention activities. Findings suggested that businesses doing the most to prevent ground water pollution were generally more connected to external organizations and had more financial and technical resources. The study also discovered that small business owners fear government involvement in their affairs. The study concludes with recommendations to encourage more voluntary adoption of prevention measures by businesses. These center on separating assistance programs from enforcement and involving industry peer groups in an effort to make information available in a non-threatening manner.