地面风场风速测量标准装置需求与设计

针对地面风场中风速测量仪器计量测试的需求,提出了风速测量标准装置的组成及性能指标设计要求,详细分析了风速测量标准装置各个重要部件的设计关键技术,结果表明该设计科学合理。     

商业建筑营业厅疏散楼梯总宽度设计与计算

依据经建生等人的观点,在商场营业厅人员换算系数及百人疏散指标这两个参数不变的情况下,商场营业厅疏散楼梯总宽度设计值取决于营业厅的面积折算值,并建议地上商业建筑的取值为0.5～0.7.研究表明,将营业厅面积折算值应用于商业建筑设计得出的楼梯间总宽度偏大.本文基于安全且经济地完成防火设计任务的理念,首先从调整商场营业厅面积折算值和将自动扶梯宽度计入疏散楼梯总宽度的角度进一步完善大型商场营业厅疏散楼梯总宽度设计,使其更趋于合理;然后应用火灾模拟软件及人员疏散时间公式进行验算,证明人员疏散是安全的,即本文提供的两种方法是可行的,从而为<建筑设计防火规范>的修编提供参考.     

某高速数据解调终端分系统的可靠性定量设计

可靠性与产品的其它特性一样,是工程设计的一项重要参数。电子行业的可靠性数据指出：设计原因是产品不可靠的最重要的原因。本文针对某高速数据解调终端分系统特别高的可靠性要求,分析了一种比较复杂的可靠性模型,并从理论上给出了完整的可靠性设计方法和预计结果,解决了困扰类似电子系统可靠性定量设计的问题。     

The honey bee shaking signal: function and design of a modulatory communication signal

This study explores the meaning and functional design of a modulatory communication signal, the honey bee shaking signal, by addressing five questions: (I) who shakes, (II) when do they shake, (III) where do they shake, (IV) how do receivers respond to shaking, and (V) what conditions trigger shaking. Several results confirm the work of Schneider (1987) and Schneider et al. (1986a): (I) most shakers were foragers (at least 83%); (II) shaking exhibited a consistent temporal pattern with bees producing the most signals in the morning (0810–1150 hours) just prior to a peak in waggle dancing activity; and (IV) bees moved faster (by 75%) after receiving a shaking signal. However, this study differs from previous work by providing a long-term, temporal, spatial, and vector analysis of individual shaker behavior. (III) Bees producing shaking signals walked and delivered signals in all areas of the hive, but produced the most shaking signals directly above the waggle dance floor. (IV) Bees responded to the signal by changing their direction of movement. Prior to receiving a signal, bees selected from the waggle dance floor moved, on average, towards the hive exit. After receiving a signal, some bees continued moving towards the exit but others moved directly away from the exit. During equivalent observation periods, non-shaken bees exhibited a strong tendency to move towards the hive exit. (V) Renewed foraging activity after food dearth triggered shaking signals, and, the level of shaking is positively correlated with the duration of food dearth. However, shaking signal levels also increased in the morning before foraging had begun and in the late afternoon after foraging had ceased. This spontaneous afternoon peak has not previously been reported. The shaking signal consequently appears to convey the general message “reallocate labor to different activities” with receiver context specifying a more precise meaning. In the context of foraging, the shaking signal appears to activate (and perhaps deactivate) colony foraging preparations. The generally weak response elicited by modulatory signals such as the shaking signal may result from a high receiver response threshold which allows the receiver to integrate multiple sources of information and which thereby increases the probability that receiver actions will be appropriate to colony needs. Received: 21 March 1997 / Accepted after revision: 30 August 1997     

产品生态设计的理论与方法

产品生态设计是一种新的设计理念，其以产品环境特性为目标，以生命周期评价为工具，综合考虑产品整个生命期相关的生态环境问题，设计出对环境友好的，又能满足人的需求的新产品。设计方法和步骤包括四个阶段：产品生态辨识，产品生态诊断，产品生态定义，生态产品评价。     

新《消防法》关于消防设计审核与验收工作改革的研究

简要分析公安机关消防机构在进行建筑工程消防设计审核与验收工作中,建设、设计、施工单位及消防技术服务机构、消防产品生产单位、公安机关消防机构和其他行政主管部门7个责任相关方之间存在的问题;将修订后的《消防法》与现行《消防法》进行对比;总结出修订后的《消防法》在消防设计审核与验收工作方面的新规定、新举措,并从法律角度和现实意义两个方面进行分析和探讨,为新《消防法》施行后相关部门和单位消防设计审核与验收工作的开展提供一定的帮助。     

Modeling of BP Texas City refinery incident

This paper presents detailed modeling results of the BP Texas City refinery incident. Three different approaches and explosion modeling tools were used to study the event. The results predicted by all three approaches are similar and all approaches identified a hazard potential comparable to what was witnessed on March 23, 2005. This confirms that quantitative risk assessment (QRA) has the ability to model a realistic scenario, and is therefore useful in safety measure design and emergency preparedness decision making to improve overall safety performance. Had QRA been conducted during a management of change (MOC) decision-making process, personnel trailers likely would not have been sited in such close proximity to the process units. The resulting severe consequences would then not have occurred. This work also aims to emphasize the importance of QRA in process safety management.

The paper presents the authors’ perception of the sequence of events involved in the incident based on the published literature available at the time of writing. It also assesses potential consequences for the perceived sequence of events using a variety of consequence assessment tools. In doing so, the analysis illustrates how this incident could have been prevented in spite of many operational difficulties. The observations and commentary presented in this paper are intended solely for the purpose of process safety enhancement on the basis of the lessons learned. BP has published its own detailed report; the incident is also the subject of a recent investigation by the US Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board, with the CSB's final report being available at http://www.csb.gov/index.cfm?folder=completed_investigations&page=info&INV_ID=52 (as of April 2007).     

转向螺母锻模块液态模锻工艺分析及模具设计

此文叙述了转向螺母锻模块液态模锻工艺及特点,对该工艺及模具设计作了较详细的分析研究。     

The pathway to a sustainable industrial society – initiative of the Research Institute for Sustainability Science (RISS) at Osaka University

While it is widely known that sustainable development is the only sound and viable pathway for humankind’s future, its attainment remains elusive despite intensive efforts and some successes. The current industrial society approach based on product and process innovation in a variety of fields is not providing the expected results in addressing this important issue. In an attempt to carry out this unavoidable task, Osaka University’s Research Institute for Sustainability Science (RISS) introduces an integral and dynamic innovation system where technology plays a key role in fulfilling societal functions. This innovation system adopts a highly solution-driven approach that makes use of backcasting techniques based on long-term visions and mid-term strategic goals. Since technology management is the key to propelling effective innovation towards sustainability, we propose a technology transition management through the interaction of technology push, demand pull and institutional design, along with eight transition principles. RISS will develop this innovation system based on these three components and through the design of dynamic scenarios and their roadmaps.