Mining pollution: The case of the Baguio mining district,the philippines

Environmental problems caused by improper mine tailings disposal in the Baguio district include pollution of the Lower Agno River system and its watershed and siltation of irrigation canals in the Pangasinan plains. Direct economic losses are from reduced agricultural production due to siltation of irrigation works and farmlands. To check the adverse ecological effects of improper mine tailings disposal, government regulations have been imposed on mining firms. Several disposal schemes have been proposed, including the use of the reservoir of a multipurpose project to be sited in the watershed where the mines are located. Because of siltation problems, however, trapping the tailings in the reservoir will diminish the economic benefits that can be derived from the project.     

Application of artificial neural networks for classification of uranium distribution in the Central Rand goldfield,South Africa

Mine tailings generate significant environmental impacts and contribute to water pollution. The Central Rand goldfield, South Africa is replete with gold mine tailings which have contributed significantly to water pollution as a result of acid mine drainage (AMD). Water quality is affected by mine tailings and spillages, especially from active slimes dams, currently reprocessed tailings, as well as footprints left behind after reprocessing. The release and distribution of uranium from these sites was studied. Correlation matrices show a strong link between different variables as a result of AMD produced. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify very influential variables which account for the pollution trends. Artificial neural networks (ANN) using the Kohonen algorithm were applied to visualise these trends and patterns in the distribution of uranium. High concentrations of this radionuclide were detected in streams in the vicinity of the tailings dumps, active slimes and reprocessing areas. The concentrations are reduced drastically in dams and wetlands as a result of precipitation and dilution effects.     

利用雄黄尾矿制备药用雄黄

在分析比较现有提炼富集雄黄工艺的基础上，提出了利用雄黄尾矿制备药用雄黄的“湿法”工艺流程，并对其中的关键工艺－雄黄除杂工艺进行了试验研究，结果表明，较佳的工艺条件为：盐酸浓度2mol/L，温度45℃，液固比2．5L：1kg，反应时间90min，研磨时间0.5h，在此条件下除杂，可制得符合药典要求和雄黄。     

Geophysical investigations for evaluation of environmental pollution in a mine tailings area

Sulfide-containing mill wastes of the Komsomolsk ore processing plant situated in the Kemerovo region (Russia) were examined in 2013–2015. Multipurpose studies of the mine tailings determined the composition of waste, pore water, mine drainages, and affected groundwater. Electrical resistivity tomography was used to trace the geoelectric zoning of the waste samples. Layers with low resistivity indicated areas with pore spaces filled with highly mineralized solutions with Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, As, and Sb at total concentrations of up to 50 g/L. Anomalous zones can be specified as ‘geochemical barriers’ – specific layers where the mobility of the elements is reduced due to pH conditions, redox potential, and Fe(III) hydroxide precipitation. The zones of increased conductivity in oxidized mine tailings indicated local areas with high acid production potential and coexisting acidic pore solution. In non-oxidized tailings, high conductivity of the mineral skeleton was observed. There was a migration of drainage outside the tailings, its direction monitored by geophysical data. Chemical analysis confirmed that the concentrations of As in groundwater samples were higher than the maximum permissible concentration.     

酸性淋溶对铅锌尾矿金属行为的影响及植物毒性

露天存放的铅锌尾矿受到自身酸化和酸雨的双重影响,从而加剧尾矿对环境的影响。因此,研究尾矿在酸性条件下的重金属行为及其植物毒性,对植物在铅锌尾矿地的自然定居有非常重要的意义。将铅锌尾矿砂装柱,用pH2～7溶液淋溶50天的结果表明,酸度的提高可以显著地增加尾矿砂中重金属（Pb、Zn、Cu和Cd）的溶出。而随着时间的延长,Zn的溶出量明显增高,Pb和Cu的溶出则逐渐降低。在pH值＜3时,Cd的溶出逐渐升高,pH值＞3时,Cd的溶出也呈下降趋势。酸度对重金属溶出的影响由大至小依次为Zn＞Cd＞Cu＞Pb。渗滤液对植物的毒性随着起始淋溶酸度的提高与时间的推移而加剧     

锰矿尾渣改性壳聚糖对Pb2+的吸附

将工业废弃物锰矿尾渣与壳聚糖混合制得一种高效吸附剂,并应用扫描电镜、X射线衍射对其结构进行了表征。采用正交表设计试验,分别考察了pH值、吸附时间、温度、复合吸附剂的投加量等4个影响因素对Pb²⁺吸附的影响,最佳吸附条件为：pH值为7,吸附时间为40 min,温度为20℃,复合吸附剂的投加量为0.10 g。处理后的水符合国家污水综合排放标准（GB8978-1996）中的一级标准。复合吸附剂对Pb2+的吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程。     

灾后四川矿山尾矿安全处置迫在眉睫

据统计,四川省历年堆存下来的矿山尾矿约有7000万吨。由于受5.12汶川大地震影响,许多矿山企业产生的矿山尾矿结构发生一定变化,出现明显松动;而且一些矿山尾矿堆存在江河流域旁的山坡上。数量巨大的矿山尾矿不仅对河流造成严重的安全和环境隐患,还将对山区、县城附近的人民群众生命财产构成严重威胁,严重阻碍国民经济与社会事业可持...     

硫化物矿山尾矿生物氧化作用的抑制研究

硫化物矿山尾矿的风化、氧化会对周围环境产生危害,研究表明,以氧化亚铁硫杆菌为代表的嗜酸氧化菌起了非常重要的作用。本研究以从广东韶关大宝山尾矿分离得到的一株氧化亚铁硫杆菌作为实验菌株,添加不同剂量的杀菌剂,分析了杀菌剂对溶液pH、Eh值的影响,及杀菌剂的Fe2+氧化抑制率和最佳使用浓度。结果显示:实验用杀菌剂SDS和CTAB能有效地抑制金属硫化物尾矿的生物氧化和酸化:ρ(SDS)为30 mg/L时Fe2+的氧化抑制率达到82.83%;ρ(CTAB)为5 mg/L时Fe2+的氧化抑制率达到80.84%,添加了杀菌剂的溶液pH、Eh基本保持初始值不变,表明杀菌剂的使用可以控制金属硫化物尾矿的酸化污染。     

模拟酸雨对大宝山尾矿淋滤实验研究

在模拟酸雨作用下,研究了大宝山尾矿中重金属Cd、Pb及Mn的释放规律及动力学。结果表明,在淋滤液不同酸度(pH为5.6、4.8、3.0)条件下,不同重金属呈现出不同的释放规律。随着淋滤量的增加,淋出液pH逐渐上升;Cd和Mn的释放可分为快速释放和慢速释放2个阶段,Pb的释放速度一直相对稳定。随着淋滤液pH的降低,淋出液pH降低,重金属的释放量及释放速度增加;淋滤液pH对3种重金属释放的影响程度为Pb>Mn>Cd。Cd和Mn的释放可用准二级动力学方程及Elovich方程很好拟合,准二级动力学方程更优;Pb的释放可用双常数方程和零级动力学方程很好拟合。     

炼焦煤尾煤催化热解制取富氢燃料气

以炼焦煤原煤、尾煤为研究对象,采用微量热重、常量固定床实验装置对其在热解过程中的质量变化和气相产物进行了对比分析。考察了温度、6种催化剂（CaO、MgO、Fe、Ni、NaOH、A1）及其添加比例对炼焦煤尾煤热解制取富氢燃料气的影响。结果表明,尾煤中富集的无机矿物质对热解制取富氢燃料气有促进作用,单位尾煤热解H2产率要比原煤高出1．93％。温度是影响尾煤热解产气的重要参数,热解终温的上升有利于H2产量的提高,随终温800℃升高到950℃H,产量增长了32．59mL／g。在催化热解实验中,除Al和MgO对尾煤热解有抑制作用外,CaO、Fe、Ni及NaOH均对尾煤热解产H2有促进作用,以CaO和Fe效果最为明显。并且不同添加比例的CaO和Fe对热解制取富氢燃料有一定的影响。