The TNO multi-energy method combined to mathematical programming and computational fluid dynamics for optimisation of gas detectors

Gas leakage is a matter of concern for several industries such as oil and gas, mining, food, and healthcare. When the industry considers gas detectors, the main questions are: How many gas detectors are required? Where is the best location to install them? To answer these questions Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and optimisation procedures are employed to calculate the plume location and plume volume to better position the gas detectors. We investigated how the optimisation cell size for the set covering problem can be calculated based on a given explosion overpressure threshold. Resorted by the multi-energy explosion model, we calculate the flammable cloud volume associated with a pre-defined overpressure value. The cloud volume is applied in the solution of the set covering problem and an optimal set for the gas detectors is obtained. The final gas detector network (number and location of the devices) is validated against CFD simulations for small releases. The results provide evidence that the optimal gas detector networks is able to detect gas leaks within a feasible time.     

Effect of particle size on CO adsorption and thermodynamic analysis

The liquid nitrogen adsorption method was used to characterize the pore structure of non-cohesive coal in the 061,404 working face of the Lingxin coal mine. The amount of specific surface area of micropores in the sample continuously rose as particle sizes reduced. The volumetric method was used to measure the CO isothermal adsorption curves of three samples (sample I, 0.425–0.25 mm, sample II, 0.18–0.25 mm, and sample III, 0.15–0.18 mm). The experimental results were fitted by the Langmuir model. According to the experimental results, it was conducive to CO adsorption with the conditions of high pressure and low-temperature. The decrease in grain diameter increased the number and volume of micropores in the sample, which improved the adsorption capacity of the sample. In addition, according to the adsorption data, the CO adsorption thermodynamics of three samples were analyzed, including surface potential (Ω), Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) and entropy change (ΔS). The results demonstrated that CO adsorption by coal was a spontaneous process. Sample III has the most substantial adsorption capacity, whereas the sample I has the weakest adsorption capacity.     

水生态环境质量评价方法及在黄河流域的应用进展

开展水生态环境质量评价方法研究,建立合适的河流健康评价体系是解决河流健康问题的前提和实现河流健康管理的重要手段。黄河自上而下生态环境现状迥异,水生态环境脆弱,寻求一种或多种适合黄河流域水生态环境质量的评价方法具有重要意义。该文介绍了国内外水生态环境质量评价方法及在黄河流域的应用进展,总结了鱼类生物完整性指数(F-IBI)、底栖无脊椎动物完整指数(B-IBI)、着生藻类生物完整性指数(P-IBI)及水生态环境质量综合评价法的主要指标,以及黄河流域不同区域生物种类的评价指标,分析了各评价方法优缺点及应用范围,并根据目前研究基础评述了黄河流域水生态环境质量评价存在的问题,对黄河流域水生态环境质量评价方法、指示生物的选择及水生态环境质量综合评价法的研究等提出了具体建议。     

冬小麦生产力估算方法研究

本文在综述前人工作的基础上,对作物生产力的概念重新进行了阐述,提出作物生产力包括多层次的含义、各层次生产力代表不同的生产水平且限制因子不同,并对各层次生产力进行了定义。从大气-作物-土壤系统出发,探讨了冬小麦的生长发育及产量形成与各环境因子、能量投入之间的定量关系,采用动态模拟和统计分析相结合的方法,利用dBASEⅢ和BASIC语言,建立起了冬小麦生长发育及生产力形成的动态模拟软件,该软件可以根据不同需要对不同地区的冬小麦干物质累积、叶面积变化及土壤水分平衡进行计算,并可计算各层次的生产力。     

水热法制备BiVO4及其可见光催化降解糖蜜酒精废水

以Bi(NO3)3•5H2O为铋源,NH4VO3为钒源,采用简单的水热法制备了BiVO4 光催化剂,并用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(IR)和紫外-可见光漫反射光谱(UV-vis)对产品进行了结构表征。同时,在BiVO4光催化降解糖蜜酒精废水反应中考察了催化剂用量、通氧量、溶液pH值、双氧水用量及光照强度对糖蜜酒精废水脱色率的影响。实验结果表明,水热产品属于单斜晶系BiVO4,其带隙能为2.398 eV,并具有良好的可见光催化活性。当降解经30倍稀释的糖蜜酒精废水,BiVO4添加量为3.0 g•L−1 ,通氧量为120 L•h-1,助氧化剂H2O2添加量为9 %,不改变废水pH值,在400W镝灯离液面11cm照射反应180 min的条件下,糖蜜酒精废水的脱色率为88.60 %,COD去除率为25.84%,而添加5g•L−1的FeSO4•7H2O后其脱色率和COD去除率分别提高到90.90 %和91.26%。单斜晶型BiVO4晶体的可见光催化糖蜜酒精废水过程符合一级动力学反应。     

某场地边坡稳定分析方法的比较研究*

为了对边坡稳定性分析方法进行研究,以某场地高填方边坡和直立边坡为研究对象,基于Geostudio、理正软件以及ANSYS软件,采用M-P法、Bishop法和强度折减法进行边坡稳定分析。结果表明:高填方边坡安全系数为1.3,为稳定边坡;AB,BC,CD段地块间边坡边坡安全系数依次为0.479,0.410,0.381,基坑边坡安全系数为0.436,均为不稳定边坡;其中,M-P法得到的安全系数偏保守,Bishop法得到的安全系数结果较可靠,强度折减法得到的结果最为理想。研究结果可为边坡稳定性研究与治理提供借鉴。     

地铁区间隧道竖井送风有效风量研究

为得到地铁区间隧道竖井送风有效风量的无量纲计算模型,通过推导地铁区间隧道竖井送风有效风量的无量纲公式,并采用数值模拟方法明确竖井送风有效风量与火源功率、火源距离、阻塞比和竖井送风量之间的量化关系.结果表明:火源功率、火源距离与竖井送风有效风量之间不存在函数关系;阻塞比对竖井送风有效风量影响显著,随着阻塞比的增大,有效风...     

大气颗粒物手工比对监测体系滤膜称量质控技术探讨

健全大气颗粒物手工比对监测体系是"十三五"环境空气自动监测质量管理的一项重点任务,其中颗粒物滤膜的称量直接影响手工监测数据质量。研究调研了国内各级环保部门所属环境监测机构颗粒物滤膜称量工作情况,结合国内外方法标准、技术规范等,重点探讨了称量实验室环境、称量设备、称量影响因素等滤膜称量质控要点,并针对环境管理与监测需求对大气颗粒物手工比对监测滤膜称量质控提出建议。     

供水管网震后流量监测点的动态分级优化布局研究

为了提高管网地震监测点布局的准确性和合理性,基于管网微观水力计算模型和动态分级法,提出供水管网震后流量监测点的动态分级优化布局模型。首先,利用管网微观水力计算模型计算管段流量的影响系数,构建管段的影响系数矩阵,并利用信息熵确定管段权重;其次,标准化处理影响系数矩阵,通过聚类迭代提出供水管网地震流量监测点优化布局的动态分级方法,对供水管网震后流量监测点进行优化布置分级评定;最后,根据工程实例进行方法实践,结果表明:供水管网中的管线分类较为科学合理,地震监测点在供水管网上分布也比较均匀,而且该模型在一定程度上消除了人为因素的影响,保障了震时管网的监控效果和日常建设的合理性。     

双衬层填埋场渗漏检测高压直流电法的仿真研究

根据危险废物填埋场的结构特点,建立了检测层封闭空间的有限元模型;利用膜的高阻特性,确立了检测层电势分布的有限元分析方法.有限元模型中,漏洞所在位置加载+I电流用于模拟漏洞电流,接收电极所在位置加载-I电流用于模拟接收电极电流,检测层中任意点的电势为两电流源在该点感应电势的叠加.上层膜和下层膜渗漏检测实验结果和有限元的计算机模拟结果的比较,证明模型是正确的.通过对影响电势分布因素的分析可知,检测电极越靠近被检测膜、回路电流越大越有利于漏洞检测;渗漏液影响范围越大越不利于检测.