利用计算机模拟研究地铁火灾气温控制

分析了地铁火灾中烟气运动的物理模型和数学模型，并结合工程实例，对地铁隧道内发生火灾情况下，各种通风方案进行计算机模拟。并确定了最佳紧急通风方案。     

板材电磁成形实验研究

此文对板材电磁成形进行了较全面的实验研究,并对板材在成形过程中变形规律进行了分析,同时对成形效率进行了讨论,为电磁成形技术的推广应用奠定了基础。     

提高锻模寿命的主要工艺措施

根据对开式模锻变形过程的理论分析,论述了几种主要工艺参数对锻模寿命的影响,提出了降低锻模机械负荷提高锻模寿命的主要工艺措施.实践证明,这些工艺措施是行之有效的.     

MARPOL 73/78附则Ⅵ的生效及其相关问题

介绍了MARPOL73／78公约附则Ⅵ的生效及其相关问题。     

火源位置对浮法玻璃热破裂行为规律影响研究*

为了研究火源位置对浮法玻璃热破裂行为规律的影响,选用尺寸为600 mm×600 mm×6 mm（长×宽×厚）的浮法玻璃为研究对象,研究在点支撑和框支撑安装方式下,在玻璃厚度方向上不同火源位置的浮法玻璃热破裂情况,分析其首次破裂时间、破裂时表面温度以及裂纹起裂方式等热破裂行为参数,加深对浮法玻璃热破裂行为机理的研究。结果表明:在火源位置实验中进行中心热辐射时,点支撑安装方式下的浮法玻璃防火性能优于框支撑安装方式下的浮法玻璃;其次,玻璃表面会形成大量孤岛裂纹和交叉裂纹,裂纹最终形态受火源位置影响,火源位置与裂纹数量、裂纹分布复杂性呈负相关。     

谈高校的火灾特点及消防安全工作

高等学校人员密集,珍贵文献、标本、贵重仪器多,蜡烛、烟头、违章用电等可引起高校火灾的发生.一旦发生火灾,容易造成众多人员伤亡和重大财产损失.高校要通过加强消防宣传教育,完善校内消防器材设施等来开展消防工作.     

Gradient modeling: A new approach to fire modeling and wilderness resource management

Managers of wilderness resources must maintain, preserve, and sometimes restore pristine ecosystems while providing for public use and enjoyment of these areas. These managers require a resource information system that can store, retrieve and integrate basic data, synthesize components to solve particular problems, and provide simulations and predictions of natural processes and management actions. Traditional information systems based on land classification and type-mapping do not provide these capabilities.Gradient modeling, a new approach to resource management and forest fire simulation, has been developed to meet these needs in Glacier National Park. The method links four major components: (1) a terrestrial site inventory coded from aerial photographs that offers 10-m resolution; (2) gradient models of vegetation and fuel that derive quantitative stand compositional data from the parameters stored in the coded inventory; (3) a fuel moisture and microclimate model that extrapolates basestation weather data to remote sites using the parameters stored in the inventory; and (4) fire behavior and fire ecology models that integrate the data from the inventory and models to calculate real-time fire behavior and ecological succession following a fire.     

Modelling strategies for the management of the critically endangered Carpentarian rock-rat (Zyzomys palatalis) of northern Australia

The Carpentarian rock-rat (Zyzomys palatalis) is a critically endangered endemic rodent known from only four sandstone gorges in the southeast Gulf of Carpentaria, Northern Territory, Australia. These gorges harbour thickets of monsoon rainforest and broadleaf woodland, surrounded by a Eucalypt savanna matrix. The long-term persistence of Z. palatalis is threatened by altered fire regimes, grazing by feral animals and stock, weed intrusion, and the stochastic hazards associated with small, fragmented populations. To assess the relative importance of these threats and develop practical management options, a population and habitat simulation model was developed, based on the best existing data. Population viability was predicted to be highly sensitive to the frequency of hot, late dry-season fires. Progressive habitat degradation (due predominantly to intense late dry-season fires) is likely to substantially reduce population size and lead to the probable extinction of the species within the next 100 years. The most effective management strategy to counteract this threat would be regular, controlled, fuel reduction burns in the vegetation around the gorge entrances during the early dry season. Establishing a new population (through translocation of captive-bred individuals) would not appreciably reduce extinction risk, but could provide valuable additional data on the impact of threats, if conducted as an adaptive management experiment.     

INFLUENCE OF HERBIVORY ON REGROWTH OF RIPARIAN SHRUBS FOLLOWING A WILDLAND FIRE1

Streamside vegetation frequently regenerates faster than upland vegetation following wildland fire and contributes to the recovery of riparian and stream ecosystems. Limited data are available, however, on the post‐fire growth of riparian species and the influence of herbivory on regeneration. To determine post‐fire regrowth of riparian vegetation, height, crown area, crown volume, and browse levels were measured for key riparian shrub species in streamside burned and unburned plots along second‐order streams in western Wyoming. Shrubs in the burned plots were subject to high levels of browse ‐ up to 84 percent of the leaders were browsed ‐ by native ungulates in 2002, the second post‐fire year (September 2001 to September 2002). In summer 2003, the burned watershed was also grazed by livestock, resulting in increased browse levels and decreased shrub heights for several species. In the third post‐fire year, September 2002 to September 2003, four of the six most common species showed no increase in crown area or crown volume, indicating that the combination of native ungulate and cattle browsing suppressed their growth. Potential impacts of grazing on post‐fire recovery of stream and riparian ecosystems are discussed.     

西南地区卫星林火监测系统的建立

本文对建立ＧＩＳ支持的ＮＯＡＡ卫星林火监测系统进行了分析．内容包括：监测区ＧＩＳ的形成；ＮＯＡＡ卫星图像叠加经纬度网格；ＧＩＳ与ＮＯＡＡ卫星图像的复合．１９９４年春天，我们对西南林区林火进行了１个多月的实时监测，证明了该系统具有林火分辨率高和定位准确的特点．是一个较为理想的林火监测系统。