Environmental impact of China''''s village and township industry(1988-1992): a comparison with urban industry

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＶｉｌａｇｅａｎｄｔｏｗｎｓｈｉｐｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ（ＶＴＩ）ｉｓｂｅｃｏｍｉｎｇａｖｅｒｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｏｆＣｈｉｎａｓｅｃｏｎｏｍｙａｎｄｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ．Ｉｎ１９９２，ＶＴＩｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄ...     

城市供水管网漏损控制潜力研究

在我国各城市普遍缺水的同时，城市供水管网的漏损状况却相当的严重，科学衡量漏损控制的潜力，对于控制漏损和科学地进行城市水资源规划和需求管理非常重要。从技术潜力、经济潜力、社会潜力三方面将城市供水管网漏损控制的潜力进行了分析。提出了以社会最优值作为漏损控制的目标，以社会潜力作为需求管理的依据，同时综合考虑技术潜力和经济潜力。社会最优控制水平和企业的经济漏损控制水平之间有时会存在很大差异。科学的划分政府和企业在控制漏损的义务是非常必要的，如果需要企业的漏损控制水平小于经济漏损水平时政府应该给予一定的补偿，这样才能增加企业控制管网漏损的积极性。     

输油管道的泥土封堵与蒸汽置换动火技术

介绍了输油管道检修中的泥土封堵动火与蒸汽置换动火技术方法。详细阐述了应用泥土封堵更换一段管道动火、管道改流程并在天窗两边加盲板动火、更换污水管线弯头动火、应用蒸汽置换更换一段管道动火和管道改流程动火的实施例。在实际应用中，可根据动火检修管道的具体情况，选用其中的一种或两种方法并用。     

Carbon Budget Implications of the Transition from Natural to Managed Disturbance Regimes in Forest Landscapes

Land-use change from an unmanaged to a managed forested landscape in northern forests is associated with a reduction of the area annually affected by natural disturbances (wildfires and forest insects) and the introduction of harvesting as a new disturbance. This study examined the impacts of changes in the disturbance regime-the frequency and type of disturbance-on landscape-level carbon (C) content and fluxes. The Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector was used to assess these impacts in six representative landscapes (100,000 ha each) with a range of disturbance regimes that are characteristic of conditions in coastal British Columbia, the interior of British Columbia, and the eastern boreal forest in Canada. The model was used to simulate ecosystem C fluxes during a period of natural disturbances, a 50-year transition period during which harvesting replaced natural disturbances, followed by 150 years of harvesting. The initial landscape-level biomass C content under natural disturbance regimes in the six example landscapes was 22 to 75% of their potential maximum content which is often used as the reference or baseline case. After 200 years of forest management, the C stored in the landscape plus the C retained in forest products manufactured from harvested biomass was between 58 and 101% of the landscape C content prior to the onset of harvesting. Landscape-level ecosystem C content was found to be affected by changes in the disturbance frequency, the age-dependence of the disturbance probabilities, and the disturbance-specific impacts on ecosystem C content. The results indicate that using the potential maximum C content of a landscape as the baseline always overestimates the actual C release due to land use change. A more meaningful procedure would be to assess the actual differences in landscape-level C content between the natural and the managed disturbance regime.     

Chorionic villus sampling: Analysis of fetal losses to delivery,placental pathology,and cervical microbiology

A population of 1639 patients were seen for chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Embryonic death was identified at ultrasound in 5.3 per cent of patients. The number of patients undergoing CVS was 1551, with 1416 transcervical procedures and 135 transabdominal procedures. The most common indication for CVS was advanced maternal age. Spontaneous pregnancy losses identified by increased risk of pregnancy loss with increasing aspiration attempts. The total fetal loss for this population was 5.4 per cent with the pregnancy loss estimated due to procedure being 1.2 per cent. Analysis of placentae from patients having CVS and amniocen-tesis showed no differences. Microbiological assessment prior to CVS was similar to previous publications.     

引燃点火减轻焦炉烟尘污染

土法炼焦，对大气环境污染严重。采用引燃点火无回收焦炉，操作简单，材料省，出焦优质，大大减轻了对大气的污染。本文对引燃点火无回收焦炉的结构及有关问题作了较为详细的叙述。     

论火灾社会防控体系的建设

当前,频繁发生的火灾事故已经成为影响中国经济发展和人民群众生命财产安全的重要因素,如何通过火灾社会防控体系建设,有效起到预防和减少火灾事故发生的作用,已成为一项迫在眉睫的任务。本文主要从依法治理、科学管理、安全教育培训三个方面论述了加强火灾防控体系建设。     

石油化工生产中的吸收过程防火

吸收操作在石油化工企业应用广泛，但其过程存在大量的易燃可燃物质，有形成爆炸性浓度的可能性，设备内压易升高，设备易腐蚀，生产中可能产生引火源，发生事故相互影响大等火灾特点。本文根据工艺及设备特点，分析了其生产过程中存在的危险因素和条件，总结了火灾爆炸事故的预防措施与技术。     

中国南方主要防火树种的防火特性及开发利用研究

本文采用多目标决策法对我国南方的主要防火树种进行初步筛选。在此基础上,以易燃的杉木（Ｃｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｍｉａｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔａ）、马尾松（Ｐｉｎｕｓｍａｓｓｏｎｉａｎａ）为对照,对其代表性树种---木荷（Ｓｃｈｉｍａｓｕｐｅｒｂａ）、火力楠（Ｍｉｃｈｅｌｉａｍａｃｃｌｕｒｅｉ）、细柄阿丁枫（Ａｌｔｉｎｇｉａｇｒａｃｉｌｉｐｅｓ）等的防火特性进行比较研究。结果表明,防火树种具有着火温度高、水分含量高,且析出速率快、活化能高、挥发分发热量低等特点。主成分分析表明,树叶的着火温度、含水率、水分析出速率、活化能及挥发分发热量等可作为判断树种防火性能优劣的主要指标,而苯-乙醇抽取物和粗灰分含量等可作为辅助性判断指标。文章最后提出了主要防火树种的开发利用途径和对策。     

车站、机场、码头火灾风险管理定量方法的研究

在对车站、机场、港口等旅客站点火灾风险因数识别的基础上，提出火灾风险定量管理模型，经验和研究证明，该模型十分有效，是火灾风险定量管理的一个有效可行的工具，对火灾风险管理的方法进行了阐述／。