火灾下约束钢柱临界温度的简化计算方法

在火灾条件下,约束钢柱轴力由于升温而增加,会导致在较低的温度下发生屈曲;但屈曲后,钢柱的轴向温度膨胀得到释放,轴力下降,因此屈曲后钢柱仍能继续承栽。本文通过计算长度系数将转动约束钢柱转换为铰支钢柱,给出了一种轴向约束钢柱在火灾升温条件下的临界温度的简化计算方法——轴力放大系数设计方法。此法通过轴力放大系数将轴向约束钢柱转化为无约束钢柱,再按无约束钢柱计算得到钢柱的临界温度。用验证过的有限元模型对简化计算方法进行了验证,计算结果表明简化方法吻合较好。     

约束高强度Q460钢柱抗火性能分析

为了研究高强度约束钢柱在火灾下的反应,根据高强度结构钢Q460在高温下的力学性能参数,建立了约束高强度钢柱受火分析模型,得到了高强度约束钢柱在火灾下的轴向位移、跨中挠度、最大应力以及临界温度。采用有限元分析对理论结果进行了验证,两者吻合很好。利用验证过的该文计算方法计算了2种荷栽比、长细比和约束刚度比条件下的高强钢柱的抗火性能;采用CECS200:2006的力学性能参数计算了约束普通钢柱的抗火性能。通过对高强钢和普通钢的抗火性能分析发现,轴向约束明显降低钢柱的临界温度,长细比、荷载比越大,临界温度越低;高强钢的抗火性能要优于普通钢。     

鱼类游泳能力研究进展

对鱼类游泳能力及其游泳状态下的生态行为研究,可以为水利水电工程过鱼、拦鱼和诱鱼等设施的设计提供依据,保证其水电工程储能设施能够发挥较大的功能。对鱼类的游泳类型及游泳能力的评价指标进行了总结,介绍了目前国内外鱼类游泳能力及行为的研究方法,并和自行设计的鱼类游泳能力装置进行了比较;从洄游鱼道设计的角度,综述了国外已有的鱼类游泳能力评价模型,主要包括最优游泳速度模型,最大游泳速度模型,跳跃高度模型及游泳耐力模型,可为鱼道设计提供关键参数。最后简述了鱼类游泳能力在鱼道设计的应用及主要的研究趋势,旨在为鱼类游泳能力相关研究及水利水电过鱼设施的设计与建设提供一定基础资料,从而促进我国生态系统的平衡和物种多样化的保护。     

基于物元模型的土地整理项目绩效评价方法与案例研究

随着新公共管理理念的普及和土地整理在我国社会经济发展中重要性的日益显著,对土地整理项目绩效评价理论、方法及实证研究意义重大。针对已有研究的不足,在界定土地整理项目绩效内涵基础上构建了基于“流程逻辑”框架的土地整理项目绩效评价指标体系,结合物元分析法建立了物元评价模型,并以浙江省永康市石柱镇土地整理项目为例,展开了实证研究。结果表明物元评价模型适合用于土地整理项目绩效评价。综合评价显示永康市石柱镇项目总体绩效水平为“较差”,绩效值为0.014 4。单指标评价显示:该项目只有4个指标绩效水平达到“良好及以上”,1个指标处于“一般”,其他的都处于“较差”水平;研究项目区的绩效水平主要受耕地面积增加率、土地利用提高率等9个因素影响。永康市在今后的土地整理项目建设中应该针对这些绩效影响因素采取相应措施,不断改善项目的整体绩效水平     

Decay profile and metabolic pathways of quinalphos in water, soil and plants

The widespread occurrence of pesticide residues in different agricultural and food commodities has raised concern among the environmentalists and food chemists. In order to keep a proper track of these materials, studies on their decay profiles in the various segments of ecosystem under varying environmental conditions are needed. In view of this, the metabolites of quinalphos in water and soil under controlled conditions and in plants, namely tomato and radish in field conditions have been analysed and possible pathways suggested. In order to follow the decay of the pesticide, an HPLC procedure has been developed. Studies conducted in water at different temperatures, pH and organic content reveal that the persistence of the pesticide decreases with the increase in all the three variables. In the three different types of soils studied, the effect of pH is more or less apparent on a similar line. On an average a faster decay is observed in the case of plants than in water and soil. The decay profiles in all these cases follow first order kinetics. The metabolites were identified by GC-MS. The investigations reflect that degradation occurs through hydrolysis, S-oxidation, dealkylation and thiono-thiol rearrangement. The pathways seem to be complex and different metabolites were observed with the change in the matrix. Quinalphos oxon, O-ethyl-O-quinoxalin-2-yl phosphoric acid, 2-hydroxy quinoxaline and quinoxaline-2-thiol were observed in all the matrices. Results further indicate that the metabolites, 2-hydroxy quinoxaline and oxon, which are more toxic than parent compound, persist for a longer time.     

垃圾焚烧中抑制二恶英二次生成的方法探讨

根据生活垃圾焚烧技术中二恶英的生成机理,余热锅炉的烟气在低温区急冷可以避免二恶英在低温区的再次合成,但目前在余热锅炉烟气低温区急冷是不可行的。提出一种从垃圾焚烧系统设计上进行烟气的急冷,从而抑制二恶英低温区二次生成的新方法。     

火电厂环保设施运行状态及性能评价技术研究

介绍了火电厂环保设施运行状态及性能评价技术的创新性研究,包括研究方法、评价方法、评价技术及实际应用情况。该研究是继火电厂工程减排、结构减排后的重要管理技术创新,为进一步促进火电厂环保设施安全、稳定、可靠、经济运行,确保达标排放,推进火电行业管理减排和技术监督提供了技术支持。     

基于“压力-状态-响应”模型的江苏省环境绩效评估研究

环境绩效评估通过量化环境管理效果和分析环境管理中的不足,为改善环境管理水平提供依据。本研究依据压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型和主题框架法构建了包括环境效率、环境质量、环境治理3个二级指标和15个三级指标的市级环境绩效评估指标体系,并运用目标渐进法和均权法计算了江苏省13个地级2015年的环境绩效指数。结果显示,江苏省各地级市综合环境绩效指数分布在58.41(连云港市)~74.98(苏州市)之间,且与经济发展水平正相关。从空间分布来看,位于苏中地区的城市综合环境绩效多为良好,苏南和苏北各地之间的绩效差距较大;在二级指标中,苏南环境效率和环境治理绩效相对较好,苏中环境效率和环境质量绩效较好,苏北环境质量绩效较好。此外,本研究认为三级指标中的单位GDP用水量、空气质量达良好以上天数、工业用水重复利用率、一般工业固体废物利用率以及秸秆综合利用率等是主要的限制性指标。     

新型悬浮填料澄清池中填料对澄清作用的影响初探

为考察可取代传统二沉池的新型悬浮填料澄清池技术的原理及关键参数,小试试验研究了填料对新型悬浮填料澄清池固液分离过程中附着污泥形成及其絮凝性能的影响,并对填料在澄清中的作用机理进行了探讨。结果表明,当泥水界面上升至填料区后,可以形成较悬浮污泥更加致密稳定的附着污泥区,并形成孔道流,强化了对混合液中污泥颗粒的絮凝效果;填料区可以捕捉去除从悬浮污泥区中“逃逸”的微小污泥絮体,并降低出水浊度,有效地保证了出水水质的稳定性。填料的存在发挥了强大的整流作用,降低了雷诺数Re,提高了弗汝德数Fr,从而改善了污泥絮凝的水力条件,提高了澄清能力。     

The whole relationship between environmental variables and firm performance: Competitive advantage and firm resources as mediator variables

The examination of the possible direct link between environmental protection and firm performance in the literature has generally produced mixed results. The present paper contributes to the literature by using the resource-based view as a mediating process in this relationship. The study specifically tests whether or not the resource-based view of the firm mediates the positive relationships of proactive environmental management and improved environmental performance with competitive advantage, which also has consequences for financial performance. We also check the possible link between the adoption of a pioneering approach and good environmental management practices. Our findings support that early investment timing and intensity in environmental issues impact on the adoption of a proactive environmental management, which in turn helps to improve environmental performance. The findings also show that a firm's resources and competitive advantage act as mediator variables for a positive relationship between environmental protection and financial performance. This contribution is original because the present paper develops a comprehensive whole picture of this path process, which has previously only been partially discussed in the literature. In addition, this study clarifies a relevant point in the literature, namely that the effect of environmental protection on firm performance is not direct and can vary depending on the sector considered. Whereas competitive advantage in relation to costs influences financial performance in the IPPC law sector, the relevant influence in the hotel sector comes from competitive advantage through differentiation.