超大规模工业厂房突破防火规范问题及其技术研究

超大规模工业厂越来越多地应用于工业生产，但与我国现行防火技术规范存在突出的矛盾，有些地方甚至突破了我国现行防火技术规范。本文即对这一矛盾进行典型事例分析，并研究上应的安全措施。     

Restoring naturalness to national parks

National park resource management planning requires ecological information describing the objectives to be achieved. This information must be quantitative and unambiguous. Since most acts creating United States national parks, beginning with the Yellowstone National Park Act of 1872, specify that these parks should be maintained in a natural condition, resource management objectives for each national park must be defined in terms of quantitative standards of naturalness. Such quantitative standards of naturalness do not yet exist for any national park in the United States. Although this article focuses on US national parks, the same problem exists in national parks, reserves, and wilderness areas throughout the world. The physical evidence needed to develop quantitative standards of naturalness is rapidly disappearing because of the effects of management fires, wildfires, decomposition, successional changes, and other disturbances. Therefore, a nationwide rescue ecology program is recommended to recover as much remaining ecological information as possible before it is lost. This information is essential for developing quantitative standards to restore naturalness to national parks.     

Interactions of risk analysis and contingency planning in risk management

Risk management entails knowledge of the risk and how best to reduce it; its objective is to minimize losses arising from existing or potential risk. With effective contingency planning, risk analysis and its corollary, consequence analysis, can contribute synergistically to improved risk management. Until recently, risk analysis and contingency or emergency response planning were considered distinct disciplines with little interactive potential. Fortunately, industry now recognizes that linking the two can help ensure public safety as well as preserve the financial integrity of plant owners. Both areas are receiving increased and well-deserved attention; several incidents in recent years have demonstrated that losses could have been greatly reduced if better precautions and procedures had been in place as a result of risk analysis and contingency planning.     

高氯废水中COD_(Cr)的快速测定

本文介绍了一种快速测定高氯废水中ＣＯＤＣｒ的方法。提出以ＡｇＮＯ３和ＣｒＫ（ＳＯ４）２·１２Ｈ２Ｏ代替ＨｇＳＯ４作为消除氯离子干扰的抑制剂。试验结果表明，它能有效地抑制水样中高达２５０００ｍｇ／Ｌ氯离子的干扰。本法具有较高的准确度和精密度。     

高效液相色谱法测定废水中阿维菌素的含量

建立了一种采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测废水中阿维菌素含量的方法。以二氯甲烷作萃取剂萃取废水中的阿维菌素,以甲醇 H2O(88 12)为流动相、Spherisorb C18柱高效液相色谱分离、紫外检测器在波长为245nm时测定。阿维菌素标准曲线的线性回归系数r=0.9948,线性范围为0.025~0.100mg/ml;水样相对标准偏差小于10.6%,加标回收率为75.8%~87.6%。     

面向配额分配模拟的工业行业碳排放绩效——以郑州市为例

开展工业行业碳排放绩效研究,对于落实碳减排承诺、完善碳交易体制、推动低碳产业发展具有重要意义。采用郑州市2013年181家工业企业的基础数据,通过构建碳排放综合绩效指标体系和配额分配模型,开展不同行业的综合绩效评价和配额分配模拟。主要结论如下:(1)不同行业的碳排放强度分布极不均衡且与碳排放总量具有一定的关联性,但关联类型不尽相同。电力、热力生产和供应业的碳排放强度最高(5.4115 t/万元),烟草制品业的碳排放强度最低(0.0046 t/万元)。(2)不同行业单位用地碳排放量、单位劳动力碳排放量差异较大。电力、热力生产和供应业的单位用地碳排放及单位劳动力碳排放明显高于其他行业。(3)碳排放综合绩效表明,电力、热力生产和供应业的碳排放绩效最低,汽车制造业的碳排放绩效最高。(4)不同行业因综合绩效的差异获得与基准年碳排放不同增减比例的配额,其中,电力、热力生产和供应业获得的配额最多,化学纤维制造业获得的配额最少。通过碳配额分配模拟,郑州市整体减排18.206万t,减排比例为5.56%。(5)建议完善行业配额分配方案,并试点实施以碳排放综合绩效评价为基础的行业配额分配,实现资源节约、环境保护和碳减排的协同。     

A Method for Integrated Assessment of Vulnerability to Climate Change in Siberian Forests: Example of Larch Area

The conceptual scheme of integrated assessment of vulnerability to climate change in Siberian forests is elaborated and applied to the extensive area in Siberia covered by Larch forests. Forest stakeholders on the provincial level are identified to be the most relevant for an integrated impact assessment. Organisation of the assessment study as a combination of 'top-down' and 'bottom-up' approaches is suggested. Major biophysical vulnerability indexes and regional syndromes are identified as the growing stock and current increment averaged by administrative unit. Models and data suitability and quality for an analysis of biophysical vulnerability in conditions of climate change are studied for Siberian forests and future development trends are identified. An application of the elaborated conceptual scheme, which employs two models of different type and forest inventory data, is presented for the Larch area.     

MTBE装置火灾爆炸危险性评价

本文运用美国道化学公司危险指数评价法对MIBE装置进行定量化的安全评价，说明装置建成后，其固有的危险便客观存在，由于设计时采用了一些安全措施，起到了安全补偿作用，使实际的危险程度达到可接受的范围；同时通过评价，识别导致事故的危险因素，完善安全措施，可以进一步降低装置的风险度。     

业务性防雹作业实时决策指挥系统的设计

本文论述了西北地区人工防雹业务性决策指挥的现状和面对的重要问题;探讨了目前无法识别的20%左右雹云在业务性防雹中的处理思路;以三级判别思路提出了业务性决策指挥系统的设计.     

草原火险等级预报研究

我国草原主要分布在北方干旱、半干旱地区,频繁发生的草原火灾给畜牧业生产、人民生活及草地生态系统带来了巨大的损失,还可能引起森林火灾,使损失进一步扩大.草原火险等级预报技术可以预测和预报草原火灾的发生和发展,大大减少火灾的发生次数和带来的损失.根据我国北方草原生态和环境特点,综合影响草原火灾发生和发展的因子,选择温度、相对湿度、风速、降水量、枯草率、可燃物干重和草地连续度共7个基本指标构造了基于遥感的草原火险指数.根据计算得到的草原火险指数,将研究区域的火险状态划分为低、中、高和极高4个等级,用来预测草原火灾发生的可能性、扩展速度和扑灭难度.草原火险等级预报可以为草原火灾管理者提供有力的管理工具.