煤矿瓦斯爆炸发展规律及防治的综述及展望

针对瓦斯爆炸事故在矿井开采中的危害及防治,从爆炸发展规律和爆炸防治两大方面对国内外瓦斯爆炸研究状况进行了综合评述.国内外学者通过理论法、实验法、数值模拟法对瓦斯爆炸进行研究,瓦斯爆炸发展规律方面的研究涉及到瓦斯爆炸的机理、瓦斯组分及浓度对爆炸发展规律的影响、爆炸发生的条件及危害、爆炸过程中的燃烧阶段变化及流体流动状态变...     

侧部点式排烟隧道火灾临界风速研究

为得到侧部点式排烟模式隧道火灾临界风速无量纲计算式,针对隧道侧部点式排烟模式,根据π定理和相似理论,采用量纲分析方法分析影响临界风速的相关因素,推导出影响临界风速3个因素的无量纲函数关系式;采用数值模拟方法,确定临界风速与火灾热释放速率、排烟量、排烟口距火源距离的量化关系.研究结果表明:当无量纲排烟口距火源距离小于2....     

成炭型有机大分子/层状无机物复合成炭剂的制备及应用研究

层状无机物在聚合物基体中易团聚,限制了其在聚合物材料中的规模化应用。本工作通过将有机改性蒙脱土(OMMT)与一种具有超支化结构的磷氮大分子化合物HTPPP(以三嗪结构为基础,通过焦磷酸结构连接)在醇水体系中混合溶胀,再经过高温脱水,制备成HTPPP插层、剥离的OMMT成炭型有机大分子/层状无机物复合成炭剂(HTPPP-OMMT)。XRD测试表明层状结构的OMMT能够在HTPPP中被完全剥离。OMMT的复合降低了HTPPP的水溶性,并提高了其热稳定性。将有机/无机复合成炭剂HTPPP-OMMT作为单组分无卤膨胀阻燃剂应用于聚丙烯(PP),阻燃测试表明HTPPP-OMMT复合成炭剂的阻燃效率高于HTPPP。这是由于其在材料燃烧过程中能够催化形成更加致密的膨胀多孔炭层,而炭层在高温下的热氧稳定性更好。此外,有机/无机复合改善了HTPPP-OMMT在PP的相容性,能提高材料的力学和耐析出性能。     

聚脲弹性体阻燃改性的研究进展

介绍了聚脲的特性与燃烧机制,从添加型和反应型2个方面总结了聚脲阻燃改性的研究现状,包括添加卤系、磷系、氮系、纳米阻燃剂,以及通过化学反应引入阻燃元素及结构等方法,系统分析了阻燃机理及各自优缺点。提出添加型阻燃剂存在与基体相容性不佳的问题,反应型阻燃改性技术难度大,但是不存在界面问题,结合不同阻燃剂的优势可实现协同提升的效果。研究结果为提高聚脲阻燃性能提供了技术参考。     

坡地建筑外立面火灾温度演化研究

针对坡地建筑外立面开口火溢流行为,为了预测不同坡地角度时圆形开口建筑火溢流的外立面热羽流温度分布规律,采用1∶8缩尺寸建筑火灾模型,开展圆形开口建筑火溢流实验研究。结果表明:在建筑火灾燃烧状态稳定下,对于确定开口尺寸、火源功率以及坡地坡度(倾斜挡墙)下,带有圆形开口的燃烧室内温度基本均匀且保持一致;针对圆形开口建筑,倾斜挡墙坡度越大,外立面的温度越高;基于热羽流温度实验数据,建立考虑不同开口尺寸、火源功率和倾斜挡墙角度影响下圆形开口建筑火灾溢出热羽流的竖向温度预测模型。     

丙烷扩散火焰燃烧光谱特性研究

为实现烃类火灾事故的光谱辨识,对丙烷火焰燃烧初期过程中的光谱特性进行实验研究,利用拉曼光谱仪等设备采集、提取丙烷扩散火焰光谱数据。分析燃烧初期OH~*,C₂~*,CH~*,H₂O分子谱带范围及特征峰值分布特性,揭示谱带光谱特征强弱的主要原因,阐述沿火焰轴向与径向C₂~*,CH~*以及H₂O分子光谱峰值强度的分布特性。研究结果表明：丙烷火焰特征光谱主要分布在可见光与近红外波段,250～380 nm的近紫外波段光谱强度较弱。C₂~*的509.4,512.8,810.5 nm特征谱带,CH~*的431.4 nm谱带以及H₂O分子的586.2,652.2 nm处振动-转动谱带可作为丙烷火焰燃烧的关键特征光谱,为烃类火灾的早期识别与防控提供光谱实验依据。     

有机磷酸酯阻燃剂降解方法的研究进展

有机磷阻燃剂(OPFRs)已取代溴代阻燃剂广泛应用于各行业,并很容易通过挥发、磨损等方式进入各环境介质中.目前,已在水体、土壤等环境介质中检测到了 OPFRs的存在.本文总结了目前已有的OPFRs在环境中的降解方式,据其原理主要可分为化学法和生物法,化学法主要包含Fenton/类Fenton氧化法、紫外-双氧水法(UV...     

Analysis of the Effect of the Beavers‐Joseph Interface Condition on Flow in Karst Conduits1

Li, Guangquan, Yuan Cheng, and Bei Zhao, 2012. Analysis of the Effect of the Beavers‐Joseph Interface Condition on Flow in Karst Conduits. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1‐8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00683.x Abstract: In this study, we derive an approximate analytic solution for the distribution of flow velocity in a cylindrical conduit and the surrounding media, and analyze the effect of differing parameters (e.g., conduit radius) on the velocity of conduit flow. The solution is then employed to estimate the thickness of the boundary layer inside the media. The results reveal that when conduit radius is large, the Beavers‐Joseph condition has only a minor effect on the velocity of conduit flow (such that the nonslip condition on the conduit wall still works pretty well), and the boundary layer is so thin that the wall can still be treated as the interface between fast water in the conduit and slow water in the media. The solution indicates that the velocity of conduit flow is the superposition of the velocity profile in the nonslip situation onto the slip velocity on the wall. Our study theoretically shows that the coupled continuum pipe flow model in MODFLOW‐2005 constructed by the U.S. Geological Survey is reasonable in that there is no need to consider the Beavers‐Joseph condition when simulating flow in karst conduits. The role of the boundary layer in transport and its effect on the hyporheic zone is not clear, which is a suitable topic for future study.     

洪水作用下汽车的起动流速研究

针对洪水作用下汽车的起动条件开展了一系列的研究:首先分析部分淹没状态下汽车的受力情况,结合滑动平衡的临界起动条件建立相关方程,导出了洪水中汽车起动流速公式;然后在室内水槽中对三款模型车进行了一系列的起动试验。试验结果表明:对于同一款模型车,平行于水流方向放置时,起动流速与水深的相关性较好;并且水深越大,起动流速越小。接着运用试验资料率定了起动流速公式中的相关参数。最后采用模型相似率及率定后的计算公式估算了原型车辆在不同水深下的起动流速,两种方法所得的结果较为接近,故预测结果较为可靠。     

The explosion of non-nano iron dust suspension in the 20-l spherical bomb

The understanding of dust explosion is still incomplete because of the lack of reliable data and accurate models accounting for all the physic-chemical aspects. Besides, most of the experimental data available in the current literature has been accumulated on the 20-l spherical bomb tests, which gives coarse results for the pressure history that cannot be easily converted into fundamental combustion parameters. Nevertheless, the large amount of experimental data available in the spherical bomb is attractive. In this work, the explosion of non-nano iron dust in the standard spherical vessel is analyzed, aiming at evaluating the burning velocity from the theoretical point of view and the simple experiments performed by the standard explosion tests. The choice of iron is of relevance because its adiabatic flame temperature is below the boiling temperature of both the reactants and oxidized gaseous, liquid, or solid (intermediate and final) products and for the negligible particle porosity, which instead is typical of organic dust. Therefore, a non-nano iron dust explosion can be reconducted to a reduced mechanism since heterogeneous (surface) combustion may be determinant, and the diffusion mechanism for oxygen is the only relevant. The laminar burning velocity is strongly dependant on the particle diameter, whereas little effects are due to the dust concentration. The reported final value was found in agreement with typical limiting laminar burning velocity, adopted for the estimation of flammability limits.