Emission inventory of deca-brominated diphenyl ether (DBDE) in Japan

Atmospheric emissions of deca-brominated diphenyl ether (DBDE) in Japan were estimated based on the material flow of DBDE products and their emission factors. In 2002, the demand for DBDE in Japan was 2200 ton/year and the stock level was about 60 000 ton. The DBDE flow into the waste stream was estimated to be about 6000 ton/year and the flow out through second-hand product exports was more than 700 ton/year. Home appliance recycling facilities dismantle and crush domestic wastes containing about 600 ton of DBDE annually. Material recycling of crushed plastics is not commonly practiced as yet. Emission factors from plastics processing (2 × 10⁻⁹–1 × 10⁻⁷), textile processing (9 × 10⁻⁷), home appliance recycling (8 × 10⁻⁹–5 × 10⁻⁶), and waste incineration (1 × 10⁻⁷–2 × 10⁻⁶) were estimated using field measurement data. The DBDE emission rate through house dust during the service life of final products (2 × 10⁻⁷–9 × 10⁻⁷ per year) was estimated using the DBDE concentration in dust and the amount of dust in used televisions. Emission factors from previous studies were also used. The estimated total DBDE emission was 170–1800 kg/year. These results suggest the necessity of characterizing emissions during the service life of products, which is essential information for formulating an appropriate e-waste recycling strategy.     

Structure of flames propagating through aluminum particles cloud and combustion process of particles

Structure of flames propagating through aluminum particles clouds and combustion processes of the particles have been examined experimentally to understand the fundamental behavior of a metal dust explosion. The combustion process of individual aluminum particles in a flame propagating through the aluminum particles cloud has been recorded by using a high-speed video camera with a microscopic optical system, and analyzed. The flame is shown to be consisted of a preheat zone of about 3 mm thick, followed by a combustion zone of 5–7 mm thick. In the combustion zone, discrete gas phase flames are observed around each aluminum particle. Also an asymmetric flame around a particle is observed, which might be caused by an ejection of aluminum vapor from a crack of oxide shell surrounding the particle.     

火炬系统的优化操作

介绍了青岛炼化公司火炬系统概况,公司从降低火炬气排放量、提高火炬排放安全性、保证足够的火炬气回收能力等方面开展了工作,并对存在问题提出改进建议。     

火焰原子吸收分光光度计操作中的注意事项和常见故障的排除

讨论了火焰原子吸收分光光度计分析过程中应特别的注意事项及常见故障的排除     

真菌滤塔启动及降解甲苯能力研究

生物法对于处理挥发性有机废气是一种经济和环境友好的处理工艺。研究在酸性条件下处理含甲苯气体,考察在不同进气浓度和入口负荷下真菌滤塔降解甲苯的能力。实验选用处理焦化废水的污泥作为真菌菌源,采用高浓度气态挂膜法,启动周期为12天,在pH=5的条件下运行2个月,以NO3--N为氮源能很好地去除高负荷甲苯气体,并且可以长期稳定高效运行。     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法与石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定环境空气中铅的对比研究

分别采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法和石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定标准样品和环境空气中的铅,并进行了对比分析。结果表明,两种方法都具有较高的准确度和精密度,无显著性差异。     

超细磷酸铵盐微粒灭火剂与B类火作用的有效性研究

为研究超细微粒灭火剂的灭火能力,对NH4H2PO4质量分数为90%的ABC干粉进行超细化和表面改性,制得具有良好流散性的平均粒度在2～10 μm的微粒灭火剂,然后将不同量的微粒灭火剂和一定压力的氮气一起充装于1 L的贮压式灭火器中,然后在1 m3灭火室内进行全淹没条件下的B类油火灭火试验.结果表明,粒度在4.11 μm以下的微粒灭火剂能在空中滞留15 min以上,并且其灭火质量浓度随着灭火剂的体积平均直径的减小而减少;微粒灭火剂的体积平均粒径为2.48 μm时,其灭火质量浓度仅为59～64 g/m3,平均灭火时间小于6 s.超细微粒灭火剂具有良好的空间流动扩散能力,可用于全淹没火灾保护,作用于B类油火时,灭火质量浓度低且灭火时间短,灭火效率很高.     

超细水雾对管内丙烷爆炸火焰抑制效果的试验研究

利用自行研制的超细水雾抑制管内丙烷爆炸的小尺寸试验系统,研究超细水雾抑制管内丙烷爆炸的有效性.试验采用0.6m×0.09m的圆柱形透明玻璃管,研究体积分数为2.7％～3.7％的丙烷/空气预混气体在0～2 mL超细水雾作用下的爆炸火焰传播特性,测定超细水雾作用下丙烷爆炸下限及火焰传播速度的变化规律,探讨超细水雾对管内丙烷爆炸火焰的抑制机理及效果.结果表明:超细水雾可显著提高丙烷的爆炸下限,降低丙烷爆炸的危险性;超细水雾可有效抑制丙烷爆炸的传播速度,且随超细水雾添加量增大,传播速度不断降低;根据抑制率计算结果,在贫燃料情况下,超细水雾对丙烷爆炸的抑制效果随雾量增大和体积分数降低而增强.     

布袋除尘器结构改进的数值模拟研究

为了解决布袋除尘器内部流场分布不均匀、布袋局部烟气速度过高等问题,利用Fluent软件对布袋除尘器内部流场进行数值模拟,并在布袋除尘器内部设置一种新型的混合式导流板。数值模拟结果显示:在增添了混合式导流板之后,进入布袋除尘区的烟气平均速度和轴向速度都大幅减小,同时内部流场分布也更加均匀,为布袋除尘器结构改进提供了可靠的方案。     

东江下游入河排污水卤系阻燃剂质量浓度及排放通量

采用二氯甲烷萃取、氧化铝/硅胶复合柱纯化和气相色谱质谱联用仪检测的方法,分析了东江三角洲入河排污口14个污水样品中卤系阻燃剂的浓度并估算其相应的排放通量.结果表明,十溴二苯乙烷（DBDPE）已成为污水中的主要卤系阻燃剂,占总卤系阻燃剂的64%,其浓度范围为9.1～990 ng/L,其次为多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）,占总卤...