不同形状受限空间内油气爆燃特性的实验研究

基于实验对4个不同形状的20L容器内的油气爆燃过程进行了研究,探讨了不同形状受限空间内爆炸压力荷载的变化和火焰行为的区别。结果表明:管道（短管和长管）的压力时序曲线较容积式受限空间（球形容器和立方体容器）的压力时序曲线更复杂,并且出现压力振荡;随着初始浓度的增加,超压值和平均升压速率均先增大后减小,在浓度为1.74%时达到最大值,此时,超压从大到小依次为:长管>短管>立方体>球形容器,平均升压速率从大到小依次为:短管>立方体>长管>球形容器;在爆燃初期,立方体中火焰行为为半球状层流火焰→扁平层流火焰,火焰速度先增大后减小,最大速度为12.5 m/s,长管中火焰行为为半球状层流火焰→拉伸指状火焰,火焰速度一直增大,最大速度为40 m/s。     

泡沫金属对甲烷/空气爆燃火焰的淬熄实验研究

为研究多孔材料对甲烷/空气预混气体爆燃火焰的抑制淬熄效果,运用一套自主设计的管道爆炸抑制系统进行实验研究。在实验中运用高速摄像机记录爆燃火焰在穿过多孔材料板时的淬熄过程,采用20,40,60,80PPI (孔目数) 的4种多孔材料,研究不同孔目数的多孔材料对爆燃火焰传播的形态结构、火焰传播速度以及抑制淬熄等特性的影响。结果表明:多孔材料的孔目数对爆燃火焰传播的早期阶段影响较小,爆燃火焰都经历了半球形火焰和指形火焰阶段;当火焰传播到多孔材料板时,孔目数越大对火焰的降速作用越强,80PPI工况下爆燃火焰不能穿过多孔材料板,即发生淬熄。实验结果揭示了多孔材料对火焰的淬熄作用与微孔通道和火焰的相互作用有关。     

燃油流量对防火试验火焰特征的影响

为了研究燃油流量对防火试验火焰特征的影响,为防火试验方案的设计提供参考和指导,采用Ansys Fluent软件对NexGen燃烧器进行三维定常数值模拟,分析了不同燃油流量条件下的火焰特征。结果表明:燃油流量对火焰最高温度和火焰形状几乎没有影响,但对火焰长度、监测面上温度分布、7个测量点的平均温度和热流密度有很大影响,通过分析各燃油流量条件下的火焰特征,发现当空气流量为35.8 g/s时,燃油流量在2.0~2.11 g/s——即余气系数为1.15~1.22时,能够用于防火试验。     

岩土介质动静力学参数与介质物理组构参数之间的关系

岩土体是地质历史的产物,有着特定的物质组分和结构构造,从而表现出复杂的工程力学性质。为研究岩土介质动、静力学参数与岩土介质物理组构参数三者的关系,文章结合工程岩土体勘察评价,对岩土介质进行了一系列物理力学测试和波动测试,取得了一定量的测试数据。分析中特别关注了岩土介质的弹性波速与介质密度之间的关系。研究发现,岩样和土样波速与密度测试值在波速-密度参数空间中展现出了几种相对性:整体有序与局部混沌的相对性、分布域位置和结构的确定与域内参数随机分布的相对性、在某一分布域内整体样本无序与各类子样本有序的相对性。把握这几种相对性对于岩土介质的理论研究和工程应用都十分有意义。     

以异丙醇为溶剂使用火焰原子吸收法测定汽油中的铅

探讨了用异丙醇做溶剂,用火焰原子吸收法测定汽油中铅的方法,实验证明,此方法的回收率在95.5%～104%之间,变异系数在1.38%～2.55%之间,此方法省时,准确,降低实验成本,简化实验步骤,减少实验室污染。     

Correction Factors for Covariance between Concentration and Deposition Velocity on CASTNes HNO3 Deposition Estimates

The covariance between hourly concentration (C) and depositionvelocity (V) for various atmospheric species may act to bias the dry deposition (D) computed from the product of the weeklyaverage C and V. This is a potential problem for the CASTNet filter pack (FP) species, nitric acid (HNO₃). Using ozone (O₃) behavior as a surrogate for HNO₃, correctionfactors (CF) are developed to estimate this bias. Weekly CF for O₃ depend on both site and season, and seasonal average weekly CF for O₃ at a given site may be as high as 1.25.The seasonal magnitude of this CF is generally largest in summerand is ordered: summer fall spring > winter. The CF is drivento a large extent by the diurnal correlation between C andV (i.e., both are generally higher during the day and lower at night). However, since the diurnal C profile at elevated sites is relatively constant, the resulting correlation between C and V is small, and the CF at montane sites is generally negligiblysmall. The sampling protocol using daytime integrated sampling for a week and nighttime integrated sampling for a week capturesthe diurnal correlation between C and V adequately and may be used to aggregate relatively unbiased weekly D estimates. Day-night CF for O₃ are close to unity, and limited results suggest similar behavior for HNO₃. Using these limited FP results, the site- and seasonally-specific weekly CF forO₃are refined to estimate the corresponding CF for HNO₃. Worst-case adjustments for HNO₃ as high as 30% are indicated for summer periods at a given site.     

回形障碍物影响火焰的实验和数值研究

在充满甲烷-空气预混气的方形燃烧管内，对火焰穿过回形障碍物的情形进行了实验研究，拍摄到了障碍物附近流场的时序阴影照片。基于k—ε湍流模型和EBU燃烧模型的同位网格SIMPLE算法，进行了三维数值模拟，绘制了火焰阵面三维视图。根据实验结果和数值计算结果，详细讨论了火焰进入到出离障碍物这一过程中，回流区、剪切层、湍流以及火焰形状等的变化特征。     

湿法烟气脱硫系统的吸收塔设备

介绍了石灰／石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫系统中的关键设备吸收塔，其主要作用是以低成本和高可靠性提供吸收SO2的液体表面积，石灰／石灰石吸收剂在此与SO2反应达到脱硫的目的。     

Low-Level Microwave Radiation Effect on Nerve Pulse Conduction Velocity

Summary This study is aimed to investigate dependence of nerve pulse conduction velocity on low-level microwave exposure. The changes in fiber membrane permeability or myelin sheath, caused by microwave, should affect nerve pulse conduction velocity. Experimental investigation was carried out for nerve pulse conduction velocity with and without applied microwave field and different orientations of its polarization to the nerve fiber. Microwave radiation of 450 MHz was applied polarized perpendicular or parallel to the nerve fiber. The measured field power density at the skin was 0.87 mW/cm². Special program was developed for calculation of the nerve pulse conduction velocity in LabView environment. The right nervus medianus motor nerve fibers of 35 young subjects were under the study. The experimental protocol included ten measurements in every cycle of five different exposure conditions. No changes in average values of the conduction velocities discovered in different exposure conditions. Theoretical calculations based on Hodgkin-Huxley model confirm only a weak possible effect. The results showed that low-level microwave radiation did not cause statistically significant change in nerve pulse conduction velocity in human motor nerve fiber.     

示踪法测量坡面水流速度理论缺陷分析

示踪法需对经验系数进行修正才能得到水流速度;而经验系数受多种因素的影响,在不同的条件下如何使用,有较大的随意性。对溶质运移数学模型解析解的分析发现,由溶质浓度在观测点达到最大值的时间计算得到的速度无法推算出实际水流速度,以此为基础的染色示踪法或盐液示踪法存在着理论上的缺陷。溶质的弥散系数对示踪法测量水流速度也有较大的影响,弥散系数越大,质心到达观测点的时间与浓度最大值到达该点的时间偏离越远。在实验测量中,泥沙含量对经验系数影响较大,这可能是其影响弥散系数的结果;理论上水流速度增大使经验系数增大,但在实验测量中不同泥沙含量下水流速度对经验系数的影响并不显著,因此在修正经验系数时必须考虑水流中的泥沙含量和其它水质差异。