多溴联苯醚及其环境行为

多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)在环境中的浓度快速增长,在各种生物体和人体中也发现了PBDEs的存在,因此已经成为了全球性的环境污染物,是目前研究的一大热点。文章介绍了PBDEs的物理化学性质、分析方法、在环境中的分布归趋和控制措施,着重介绍了水环境中PBDEs的分布和归趋。     

An analytical solution for two-dimensional contaminant transport during groundwater extraction

We obtain an analytical solution for two-dimensional steady-state transport of conservative contaminant between injecting and pumping wells. Flow and transport are considered in the vertical cross-section. The Dupuit approximation and conformal mapping onto the complex potential domain are employed to determine the velocity and concentration distributions, respectively. We use this solution to derive a priori conditions under which widely used 1-D analytical solutions with constant velocity and dispersion coefficients provide accurate approximations. These conditions are formulated in terms of aquifer parameters, such as hydraulic conductivity, porosity and dispersivities, and remediation strategy, e.g., well spacing and pumping regimes.     

矩形巷道矿震应力波扩散规律谱元法分析

为明晰矿震在巷道围岩中的应力波扩散规律,采用SPECFEM2D程序包谱元法数值模拟方法,研究二维模型在有无矩形巷道情况下应力波扩散过程以及质点最大振动速度PPV值分布规律.结果表明:巷道受S波影响大于受P波影响的程度.巷道表面应力波叠加现象明显,且背波侧巷道左帮上半部分PPV值最大,但深入围岩内部后有巷道时小于无巷道时...     

W/O乳化油液水滴在驻波场中的运动仿真

从驻波场强迫振动下乳化液中水滴的受力分析出发,建立了驻波场下液滴运动速度模型,利用Matlab仿真分析了水滴在驻波场中的运动规律,同时,分析了水滴位置、水滴粒径与驻波频率对水滴速度的影响。仿真结果表明:水滴具有向波节运动的趋势,其初始位置与波节距离越远,到达波节的时间就越长;半波长范围内,水滴运动速度呈正弦分布;水滴粒径越大,波动越明显,波动时间越长。     

Ignition temperatures and flame velocities of metallic nanomaterials

The production of materials with dimensions in the nanometre range has continued to increase in recent years. In order to ensure safety when handling these products, the hazard potential of such innovative materials must be known. While several studies have already investigated the effects of explosions (such as maximum explosion pressure and maximum pressure rise) of powders with primary particles in the nanometre range, little is known about the ignition temperatures and flame velocities. Therefore, the minimum ignition temperature (MIT) of metallic nano powders (aluminium, iron, copper and zinc) was determined experimentally in a so called Godbert-Greenwald (GG) oven. Furthermore, the flame velocities were determined in a vertical tube. In order to better classify the test results, the tested samples were characterised in detail and the lower explosion limits of the tested dust samples were determined. Values for the burning velocity of aluminium nano powders are higher compared to values of micrometre powders (from literature). While MIT of nanometre aluminium powders is within the range of micrometre samples, MIT of zinc and copper nano powders is lower than values reported in literature for respective micrometre samples.     

原煤暗道通风除尘特征参数的数值模拟及优化

为了掌握输煤过程中原煤暗道粉尘运移扩散规律,确定最优排尘风速,进行通风除尘系统优化改造研究。以中煤平朔木瓜界选煤厂133暗道为研究背景,根据气固两相流理论,利用离散相模型对原煤暗道空间粉尘浓度进行了数值模拟,并与现场实际分布情况进行对比分析,模拟结果与实测数据基本一致。研究结果表明,暗道空间内皮带机尾及导料槽出口处粉尘浓度较大,并以给料机及机尾为中心径向逐步降低;最优排尘风速为2 m/s时,粉尘浓度下降幅度能达到97.2%,降尘效果显著,暗道空间内粉尘浓度保持在4 mg/m3以内。     

快速SCR反应对商用V2O5-WO3/TiO2催化剂脱硝特性的影响

通过实验考察了快速SCR反应对商用V2O5-WO3/TiO2催化剂脱硝特性的影响。在250～375 ℃的实验温度区间内,快速SCR反应能适应更宽的温度窗口而保持较高的效率;快速SCR反应在高空间速度（SV=12 400 h-1）的脱硝效率甚至要高于标准SCR反应在低空间速度（SV=7 400 h-1）时的脱硝效率;快速SCR反应在410～820 mg·m-3的NOx质量浓度内脱硝效率波动不大。通过快速SCR反应和标准SCR反应条件下的催化剂活性分析和体积量计算,快速SCR反应相较标准SCR反应可以提高活性1.4倍,减少催化剂用量28.57%,同时通过催化剂寿命计算,快速SCR反应可以延长现有SCR脱硝系统V2O5-WO3/TiO2催化剂寿命22 582 h,延长催化剂的更换周期941 d。     

在线富集流动注射-火焰原子吸收法中样品空白值的测定

提出了在线富集-FAAS法中样品空白值测定的方法,讨论了不正确的样品空白值对测定结果准确度的影响.     

凝胶渗透色谱-硅胶柱-气相色谱-负化学离子源质谱测定生物介质中49种BFRs类化合物

建立了生物介质内22种多溴联苯(PBBs)和27种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的净化和分析方法。通过分析不同时间段凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)洗脱液中49种化合物含量,得出不同化合物凝胶色谱洗脱曲线。样品经过凝胶渗透色谱-混合硅胶柱净化后,再使用GC-(NCI)/MS对样品进行检测。实验结果表明,PBBs和PBDEs检出限分别为0.02~0.88 pg/g和0.01~74.00 pg/g。对实验过程进行验证发现,样品不同浓度加标回收率为80%~120%,相对标准偏差小于20%。该方法具有良好的净化效果、准确度和精密度,拥有良好的线性范围及检出限,满足生物介质中溴代阻燃剂的检测分析实际要求。