电除尘器提效节能除尘效率公式的研究

依据理论驱进速度和我国电除尘器(EP)的运行现状,以及提效节能型高压供电设备的开发成功与推广,分析研究了反映高压供电提效节能智能优化控制特性的EP除尘效率公式。公式指出,有效驱进速度和EP除尘效率与提效节能工作方式下的二次电压峰值及最小值成正比,与火花整定工作方式下的二次电压峰值及最小值之比成正比。该公式可为EP高压供电等设备的优化研究开发和提效节能运行提供参考依据。     

Numerical computation and characteristic analysis on the center shift of fire whirls in a ship engine room fire

The existence of fire whirls in some ship engine room is studied by using the basic elements of the fire whirls formation. The temperature characteristic of fire whirls are used to study the path shift of fire whirls and the result is nearly circular. The center shift angular velocity of fire whirls is analyzed with the least square fitting in the conditions of the constant wind velocity and the variable wind velocity from four sides. In the situation of the constant wind velocity, the result shows that the center shift angular velocity of fire whirls comply with the change regularity of a cube polynomial with different wind speed. When the wind velocity is more than 6.58 m/s, it strongly affects the change rate of the center shift angular velocity. However, in the situation of variable wind velocity, when the change rule of wind velocity follow increasing or descending regularity, the change law of the center shift angular velocity is proportional to the size of the wind velocity, but when the wind velocity is random variation, the change fluctuation of center shift angular velocity is comparatively small. Computational results have important significance for the structure fireproofing, fire evaluation and shipping design.     

气候因素对沙尘天气影响的模型研究

气候因素是影响沙尘天气发生的必要条件,到目前为止,用定量模型研究气候因素对沙尘天气的影响还比较欠缺,针对这一情况,利用风速、降水、蒸发量、相对湿度和大风日数基本气象资料,提出了风速影响指数W和土壤湿度指数H,并给出了相应的指标计算方法,在此基础上建立了影响沙尘天气的气候影响指数D模型.同时选取了北京大兴、怀柔、门头沟、顺义四个区气象台站的气象资料(1961-1990年)进行模型应用,结果表明气候影响指数D和沙尘天气发生频率S有较好的线性相关性,与McTainsh的模型进行对比发现,该模型评价气候因素对沙尘天气影响作用的效果较显著.     

堆煤场煤尘起尘及其在大气中运移扩散的理论研究

以堆煤场煤尘为对象，在对粉尘颗粒在大气中的受力状况进行分析的基础上，对开放性尘源表面的粉尘起尘及其在大气中扩散的运动轨迹进行了理论研究和数值模拟。利用Lagrange方法，研究了堆煤场煤尘颗粒群的扩散运动方程，为利用计算机对颗粒运动轨迹进行模拟提供了科学依据，同时为评价露天矿堆煤场对环境造成的污染提供了理论指导。     

聚磷腈/氢氧化镁协同阻燃聚丙烯的研究

为改善氢氧化镁阻燃聚丙烯的力学和阻燃性能,合成一种新型氢氧化镁协同阻燃试剂聚二(乙醇)磷腈,并制备聚磷腈/氢氧化镁复合阻燃材料。用红外光谱(IR)和氢核磁共振仪(H-NMR)研究阻燃剂聚二(乙醇)磷腈的化学结构,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子万能试验机和氧指数测定仪,研究聚磷腈/氢氧化镁复合阻燃材料添加量对聚丙烯的结构、力学性能和阻燃性能的影响。研究结果表明:这种复合阻燃材料具有较好的阻燃效果,且能使聚丙烯力学性能有一定程度的提高。这些结果主要归功于聚磷腈不仅起到协同阻燃作用,而且还作为氢氧化镁的分散剂,提高了氢氧化镁粒子在聚丙烯中的分散度及界面结合力。     

Experiments and numerical simulation on methane flame quenching by water mist

The study of extinguishment using water mist has been motivated due to the phase-out of the use of halens and the search for alternative means that preserve all of the benefits of a clean total flooding agent without adverse environmental impact. With the numerical simulation, we analyzed a gas–liquid two-phase problem including water (liquid), air and methane (gas) using Eulerian equations for the liquid phase and the full Navier–Stokes equations for the gas phase. Gaseous mass, momentum and energy equations are integrated simultaneously by a Harten–Yee explicit non-MUSCL modified-flux type TVD scheme for the convective terms and a central difference scheme for the viscous terms. Liquid phase conservation equations are solved with an application of a flux-vector-splitting scheme. In the experiments in an open room (500×500×500 mm) we observed an interaction of the diffusion flame with the water mists. The results show remarkable flame quenching and a good agreement between the numerical and experimental results.     

消防员防生化服装阻燃面料的研究

本文通过对材料阻燃灰理论的分析和阻燃试验，确定了兼具抗芥子气渗透性能和阻燃性能时，消防员防生化服装面料的组成和结构。     

Fate of tetrabromobisphenol A and hexabromocyclododecane brominated flame retardants in soil and uptake by plants

The fate of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and hexabromocyclododecane diastereomers (α-, β-, and γ-HBCD) and uptake by plants (cabbage and radish) was investigated. In a short-term (8 weeks) experiment, sorption to soil matrix resulted in 90% decline in recovery of these compounds in the experimental soil. However, nearly 50% of initial HBCDs recovered in mixed cabbage-radish treatments, which suggested that interspecific plant interactions might enhance the bioavailability of HBCDs. Although both plant species could uptake TBBPA and HBCDs, cabbage showed greater accumulating ability. Up to 3.5-10.0-fold higher HBCD concentrations were observed than TBBPA concentrations in all plant tissues, and the distribution of HBCDs in plant tissues was diastereomer-specific. The predominance of α-HBCD in shoot tissues for both species might be attributed to diastereomer-specific translocation of HBCDs, shift in diastereomer pattern and/or selective metabolization of γ-HBCD within plants. The results showed that strong sorption to soil particles reduced the potential of human exposure to BFRs in the soil. However, plants increased the exposure risk by uptaking these compounds and by enhancing their bioavailability. The results also provide insight into transport mechanisms of TBBPA and HBCD diastereomers in soil-plant systems.     

侧进气卧式滤筒除尘器结构改进的数值模拟

采用数值模拟方法研究了常规的侧进气卧式滤筒除尘器(A)内部流场紊乱情况.为优化除尘器气流组织,添加了导流板与3种在y方向投影面积相同的不同类型挡板.其中,挡板α为矩形,挡板β夹角呈140°,挡板γ夹角呈140°且为分离式,分别对应除尘器(B)、除尘器(C)、除尘器(D).数值模拟结果表明:在优化后的除尘器中,入口风速为...     

土动力参数变异性对深软场地地表地震动参数的影响

采用等效线性化技术考虑土的动力非线性特性,利用一维波传法及SHAKE91软件计算水平成层场地的地震反应,研究了土的动剪模量比和阻尼比与剪应变幅值的关系曲线、土层剪切波速的变异性对深软场地地表峰值加速度及其反应谱的影响。结果表明:土的动剪模量比均值加1倍标准差与阻尼比均值减1倍标准差、动剪模量比均值减1倍标准差与阻尼比均值加1倍标准差的组合对地表峰值加速度的影响最为显著,但对地表加速度反应谱形状的影响不大;土层剪切波速15%的变异性对地表加速度反应谱形状有较大影响;土层剪切波速的变异性对地表加速度和反应谱的影响比动剪模量比和阻尼比变异性的影响更为显著。