氯盐阻化剂对煤自燃极限参数影响的试验研究

阻化技术是防治煤自燃的常用技术之一,研究阻化剂对煤自燃极限参数的影响是确定阻化效果的关键.采用程序升温试验,分析气煤和长焰煤的原煤样和经MgCl2、KCl、CaCl2、NaCl 4种阻化剂处理后的煤样耗氧速率和放热强度,并计算自燃极限参数和阻化率.结果表明:氯盐阻化剂可降低煤自燃低温阶段的煤耗氧速率和放热强度;4种阻化剂中对气煤煤样的平均阻化率最高是MgCl2 (63.6％),对长焰煤则是CaCl2 (45.9％),平均阻化率与自燃极限参数变化率呈正相关;气煤经MgCl2处理后自燃极限参数变化率最大,长焰煤经CaCl2阻化处理后的自燃极限参数变化率最大,对于气煤4种阻化剂阻化能力由大到小为MgCl2 KCl、CaCl2、NaCl,对长焰煤则为CaCl2、MgCl2、KCl、NaCl;氯盐阻化剂中MgCl2对气煤自燃极限参数影响最大,阻化效果好,而对长焰煤则为CaCl2.     

四环素对污泥蚯蚓粪中微生物种群和抗性基因的影响

城市污泥中高含量的四环素可能会致使污泥蚯蚓堆肥产物中携带高丰度的抗性基因,降低其利用价值.本实验采用赤子爱胜蚓处理添加不同含量四环素(100、500和1 000 mg·kg-1)的新鲜污泥,以不添加为对照组,分析微生物种群和四环素抗性基因(tet C、tet G、tet M、tet W和tet X)及整合子基因(int I1)在不同四环素选择性压力下的变化,揭示四环素含量对污泥蚯蚓堆肥中微生物种群和抗性基因的影响.结果表明,添加四环素降低了污泥蚯蚓堆肥产物中变形菌门的丰度但增加了拟杆菌门的丰度,且四环素的含量与细菌的Shannon和Pielou指数有明显的负相关关系.同时,添加四环素致使int I1增加了4. 25倍;四环素类抗性基因增加了4. 7～186. 9倍,其中tet M基因丰度与四环素含量呈现出显著的正相关关系.因此初始污泥中较高含量的四环素会改变污泥蚯蚓粪的微生物种群结构,增加抗生素抗性基因的丰度和传播风险.     

成渝地区双城经济圈生态安全格局构建

以成渝双城经济圈为研究对象,基于土地利用数据及生态重要性评价,综合选取生态源地;利用GIS空间分析、最小累积阻力以及夜间灯光优化等方法,构建区域生态综合阻力面;再利用重力模型识别重要生态廊道及生态夹点,最终构建成渝双城经济圈生态安全空间格局.结果表明：成渝双城经济圈生态源地面积占比24.8%,呈半包围圈分布于研究区西南东三面;识别生态廊道193条,总长6441.81km,呈现东密西疏的状态,其中重要廊道占比46.56%,集中在研究区东北方位的达州及巫山巫溪等地;“点-线-面”生态网格构建成渝双城经济区“双核-两轴-半包围”结构的生态安全格局.     

氯消毒对产ESBLs菌β-内酰胺酶类抗性基因接合转移的抑制作用

以产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）的大肠杆菌T413和NK5449分别作为供体菌和受体菌进行接合试验,研究氯消毒处理供体菌对β-内酰胺酶类抗性基因接合转移的抑制作用.结果表明,供体菌质粒上的bla_CTX-M和bla_TEM基因可接合转移至受体菌,接合转移频率为6.57×10^-2.当氯消毒接触时间为30min,有效氯浓度在0.25~1.5mg/L时,接合转移频率未出现数量级的降低,而有效氯浓度为2mg/L时,接合转移频率则骤降至2.02×10^-5.在CT值为60（mg·min）/L的各种组合中,4mg/L×15min对接合转移的抑制效果最佳.氯消毒后的供体菌数量与接合转移频率呈正相关.经高剂量氯消毒后的供体菌具有较高的再生长率,但接合转移频率却很低.高剂量氯消毒会损伤供体菌菌体结构和功能,使胞外分泌物减少,阻碍质粒传递.     

The Damping of Off-Central Impact for Selected Industrial Safety Helmets Used in Poland

The paper presents a review of head injury criteria and determines an assessment criterion for test results. Parameters characterizing the protection properties of off-central impacted industrial helmets are chosen and the test stands used in the Central Institute for Labour Protection to test those parameters are presented. The idea of damping 2 selected industrial helmets used in Poland is discussed. The test results of the parameters characterizing the protection properties are compared for damped and not damped helmets.     

Slip Resistance of Industrial Floor Surfaces: Development of an Elastomer Suited to In-Situ Measurement

Slips contribute to 12% of occupational accidents. A slip resistant floor is a mean to prevent slipping accidents occurring in workshops. Floor slip resistance is often evaluated by measuring a friction index, proportional to the force opposing slipping of a reference elastomer on the floor surface under test. When implementing a portable appliance, slip resistance measurements carried out on lubricated floors were not stabilized. The authors advanced the hypothesis of oil impregnating the elastomer. A new elastomer suited to in-situ measurement has been developed to achieve stable measuring conditions. This study highlights the fact that the nature and characteristics of a reference elastomer must be specified when slip resistance measurements are carried out.     

Species Diversity of Leeches Populating Water Bodies of the Middle Urals

Russian Journal of Ecology -     

钼酸钠对靶用 5083 铝合金耐蚀性能影响的研究

目的提高靶用5083铝合金材料的耐蚀性。方法分别运用阳极极化、交流阻抗及EDS等试验技术研究钼酸钠对5083铝合金在3%氯化钠溶液中的耐蚀性能影响。结果钼酸钠加入3%氯化钠溶液以后,该铝合金的腐蚀电位下降,点蚀电位与腐蚀电位分离,维钝电流减小,阻抗值增大,抗点蚀能力提高。结论钼酸钠对5083铝合金产生缓蚀作用。     

原子氧对不锈钢的作用

目的研究空间原子氧辐照对不锈钢性能的影响。方法将不锈钢试样置于束流密度为2.5×10~(16)atoms/(cm~2·s)的原子氧束中进行辐照试验,最长辐照时间为300 min。研究随辐照时间增加,试样质量、光学性能、接触角、耐磨性能、耐腐蚀性能的变化。结果原子氧辐照后,不锈钢表面生成氧化物质量增加;随辐照时间增加,试样光谱反射系数呈下降趋势,太阳吸收比增加;原子氧作用导致不锈钢接触角增大,耐磨性能提高,耐腐蚀性能下降。结论得到的不锈钢原子氧环境效应数据,可为其在低轨航天器上的应用提供理论基础。     

Loyal rebels? A test of the normative conflict model of constructive deviance

Constructive deviance is a voluntary behavior that violates organizational rules but is conducted with honorable intentions to benefit the organization or its stakeholders. Despite emerging interest in this behavior, the antecedents of constructive deviance remain unclear, with particular ambiguity concerning the relationship between organizational identity and constructive deviance. In this article, we address this ambiguity with the normative conflict model, which posits that organizational identity drives constructive deviance in the workplace only when people perceive normative conflict with organizational rules. In Studies 1a and 1b, we develop and validate a measure of normative conflict. In Study 2, we conduct a preliminary test of the model with employed students and find that identity is positively related to constructive deviance only when normative conflict is high. In Study 3, we replicate and extend the model to show that the moderating effect of normative conflict is mediated by experienced psychological discomfort and that organizational identity is positively related to constructive deviance among working adults only when discomfort is high. In total, our findings demonstrate the utility of the normative conflict model for explaining when constructive deviance is mostly likely to occur in the workplace.