化学药剂抑尘方法的工业应用

论述了化学药剂抑尘方法的工业应用,大量的试验测试数据表明:该除尘方法投资省、运营费用低、除尘效果好、简单易操作。     

混凝—弹性立体填料生物膜SBR法处理染整废水

染整废水难生化降解、水质多变 ,CODcr、BOD5、色度和 SS分别为 70 0～ 10 0 0 m g/L、2 0 0～ 30 0 mg/L、30 0～ 80 0倍和 10 0～ 2 0 0 m g/L。采用原有的混凝物化处理工艺 ,出水 CODcr和色度分别为 380 mg/L 和 110倍 ,远不能达到 GB42 87—92《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》。应用混凝—弹性立体填料生物膜 SBR法组合新工艺 ,具有投资少、流程短、控制方便、运行操作灵活、处理效果好、剩余污泥量少等特点 ,出水 CODcr、色度和 SS分别为 115 mg/L、6 7倍和 2 5 m g/L ,可达到国家排放标准。     

张八岭变质地体变质构造岩的显微构造与结构特征

本文在1／5万张八岭幅、珠龙幅区域地质调查基础上．运用微观构造与宏观构造相结合的方法，借助于现代测试技术．对张八岭变质地体山变质构造岩的显微构造与结构进行了研究。验证和深化了野外工作所观察到的现象和认识；探讨了应力和应变之间的关系；计算了差异流动古应力值；恢复了构造变动对岩石的应力状态和方位。     

铁铝吸附剂对起爆药污染土壤中锑的稳定化研究

采用3种铁基吸附剂（FeSO₄•7H₂O、针铁矿、Fe⁰）和铝基吸附剂（Al（OH）₃）,对某起爆药污染场地土壤中锑（Sb）进行稳定化处理,通过等温吸附实验、批量浸出实验、比表面积测定以及BCR分析,研究了铁、铝单一和混合吸附剂的稳定化效果以及稳定化前后土壤比表面积及Sb形态的变化.结果表明：不同铁基吸附剂对Sb的等温吸附符合Freundlich模型,FeSO₄ （log K_f= 5.85）的吸附能力明显高于Fe⁰ （log K_f = 3.21）和针铁矿（log K_f = 4.32）;稳定时间为10d的条件下,不同铁基吸附剂对Sb的稳定化效率随添加量的增大而提高,且10%FeSO₄（97.1%） > 10% Fe⁰（72.3%） > 针铁矿（41.0%）;FeSO₄的添加明显促进了土壤中Zn、Cu、Pb的浸出,达到原土壤浸出浓度的1990.2、2.8倍和21.6倍,添加Al（OH）₃后能够显著降低Zn、Cu、Pb的浸出浓度,添加量为4%时,稳定化效率分别达到93.8%（Zn）、93.5%（Cu）和98.3%（Pb）;5%FeSO₄和4% Al（OH）₃混合吸附剂对Sb及Zn、Cu、Pb的综合稳定化效率最好,处理10d后稳定化效率最高可达94.6%、74.2%、82.2%和97.6%;进一步分析表明,混合吸附剂添加后比表面积能够达到原土壤的1.31~1.67倍,残渣态Sb比例增加0.037~0.197倍,与稳定化效果相一致,表明铁铝混合吸附剂是处理起爆药污染场地复合重金属污染土壤的有效途径.     

Reaction of ortho-methoxybenzoic acid with the water disinfecting agents ozone, chlorine and sodium hypochlorite

Ozone, chlorine and sodium hypochlorite are commonly used as disinfecting agents for drinking water production. The reaction pathways of ozonation and chlorination of o-methoxybenzoic acid in aqueous solution were studied using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results show that less than 1% of o-methoxybenzoic acid remains in reaction. The final major products using ozone oxidation are oxalic and glyoxalic acids. Phenols appear only at insufficient ozone levels. Sodium hypochlorite leads to higher levels of primary products. Molecular chlorine leads to the formation of higher amounts of polychlorinated derivatives. Model experiments allow to propose schemes of o-methoxybenzoic acid transformation under the conditions simulating water treatment processes.     

叶轮气浮机用浮选剂研究

采用阳离子聚合物的表面活性剂作浮选剂，能增强气泡与絮粒的粘附能力，提高气浮分离效果，用该浮选剂对南充炼油厂的南阳油田稠油污水进行处理，去浊率达到９０％左右，处理效果与美国埃克森公司产３３９０浮选剂相当。     

Evaluation of design alternatives for sewing scissors with respect to hand performance,discomfort and usability

The effects of three re-designed models of sewing scissors on hand performance measures, discomfort and usability were investigated, and the results were compared with those of conventional scissors. Adjustments were made to the scissors handle with emphasis on more neutral wrist postures (bent handle - model A), correction of the thumb's position and movements (model B) and reducing hand/finger discomfort (model C) while working with the tool. The results showed some improvements in hand performance, muscular effort, usability and discomfort with model B compared to the conventional model. Better hand performance and usability and lower discomfort were recorded with model C compared to the conventional model. The results suggest that the correction of the thumb's position and movement (model B) or even reduced hand/finger discomfort (model C) are perhaps more important considerations in scissors design than improved wrist posture (model A) for improving users' performance and usability of the tool.     

天然蛋白杂化硅溶胶阻燃棉织物的制备及燃烧性能分析

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体、乙醇(C_2H_5OH)为溶剂、盐酸(HCl)为催化剂,1-γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH570)为偶联剂制备SiO_2单一、复合和明胶(C_(102)H_(151)O_(39)N_(31))杂化溶胶,利用激光粒度仪对溶胶粒径进行测定。采用浸渍-烘焙过程将溶胶后整理棉织物。利用热重分析(TG)、极限氧指数(LOI)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱分析(FTIR)对整理前后棉织物热解特性、阻燃性能、表面微观形貌、表面元素组成和官能团分布进行测试和表征,探讨明胶杂化溶胶阻燃效应和机理。结果发现:溶胶粒径分布表明纳米SiO_2-KH570-明胶之间发生了化学键紧密结合,缩合生成Si-O-Si和氢键;SEM、FTIR和XPS分析表明具有明胶杂化组分的硅基溶胶在织物表面形成紧密涂层,呈现一定化学结合状态;TG分析表明,该结合状态对热稳定性影响显著,杂化溶胶后整理织物热解残炭率较原始棉织物提高872%,SiO_2-KH570和SiO_2-明胶复合溶胶体系间存在协效性;LOI分析表明,SiO_2-KH570-明胶杂化溶胶阻燃效应最佳,LOI最高为25.2,对应ΔLOI/Δm最高为4.80 g~(-1),SiO_2单一溶胶和明胶及SiO_2-KH570复合溶胶和明胶间体现明显协同效应;明胶可单方面提升SiO_2单一溶胶及SiO_2-KH570复合溶胶的凝胶化效应,促进三维微观骨架涂层结构形成,提升燃烧过程中棉织物脱水成炭作用。     

Modifying glass fiber surface with grafting acrylamide by UV-grafting copolymerization for preparation of glass fiber reinforced PVDF composite membrane

Experimental design and response surface methodology(RSM) were used to optimize the modification of conditions for glass surface grafting with acrylamide(AM) monomer for preparation of a glass fiber reinforced poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) composite membrane(GFRP-CM). The factors considered for experimental design were the UV(ultraviolet)-irradiation time, the concentrations of the initiator and solvent, and the kinds and concentrations of the silane coupling agent. The optimum operating conditions determined were UV-irradiation time of 25 min, an initiator concentration of 0–0.25 wt.%,solvent of N-Dimethylacetamide(DMAC), and silane coupling agent KH570 with a concentration of 7 wt.%. The obtained optimal parameters were located in the valid region and the experimental confirmation tests conducted showed good accordance between predicted and experimental values. Under these optimal conditions, the water absorption of the grafted modified glass fiber was improved from 13.6% to 23%; the tensile strength was enhanced and the peeling strength of the glass fiber reinforced PVDF composite membrane was improved by 23.7% and 32.6% with an AM concentration at 1 wt.% and 2 wt.%. The surface composition and microstructure of AM grafted glass fiber were studied via several techniques including Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance(FTIR-ATR) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX). The analysis of the EDX and FTIR-ATR results confirmed that the AM was grafted to the glass fiber successfully by detecting and proving the existence of nitrogen atoms in the GFRP-CM.     

Pd/TiO2光催化苯甲酸水溶液产氢性能研究

为了探讨在光催化分解水(下称光解水)制氢反应中含苯有机废水作为牺牲剂的可行性,以光沉积法制备了Pd/TiO₂〔w(Pd)为0.5%〕模型催化剂,并且通过XRD(X射线衍射)、BET(N₂物理吸附)、TEM(透射电镜)、XPS(X射线光电子能谱)和UV-vis DRS(紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱)等表征手段考察了催化剂的微观结构及性质, 使用泊菲莱Labsolar-Ⅲ AG系统评价了苯甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯三甲酸作为牺牲剂的光催化性能. 结果表明:引入的Pd以Pb0和Pb2+高度分散在TiO₂基底表面,未改变TiO₂的晶体结构;与TiO₂相比,Pd/TiO₂具有更大的比表面积、更小的孔径和更强的光吸收性能. 苯甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯三甲酸光解水产氢速率分别为4.264、6.429和5.400 mmol/(g·h),分别为空白处理〔无牺牲剂,0.733 mmol/(g·h)〕的5.8、8.8、7.4倍. 依据乙酸和三氟乙酸的光解水产氢速率数据及结构特征,初步探讨了苯甲酸参与价带空穴氧化反应的机理,发现光解水产氢速率的大小与苯甲酸牺牲剂的还原性强弱、羧基个数以及空间位阻有关,表现为牺牲剂发生photo-Kolbe脱羧反应越容易、羰基数目越多、空间位阻越小,其光解水产氢速率越高. 未来应进一步探寻高效、稳定的模型牺牲剂,以应用于氢能源生产研究.