高浓度豆制品废水预处理实验研究

豆制品是中国的传统食品,在生产过程中产生高浓度废水,如果对高浓度有机废水进行预处理,采用回收蛋白质以及化学混凝处理方法可以大大降低废水浓度,一定程度上可以减轻后续处理的难度、降低处理成本。针对豆制品生产废水问题,对高浓度豆制品废水的预处理方法作了实验研究。采用调节等电点酸沉降的方法回收蛋白质,然后用聚合硫酸铁化学混凝处理上清液以降低COD的含量。实验证明了方法的可行性并得出了最佳实验条件。     

黄沙坪碳酸盐型尾矿氧化剖面特征及酸化机制

湖南黄沙坪铅锌矿尾矿富含碳酸盐及金属硫化物,属于碳酸盐型尾矿。通过对该尾矿铅垂剖面的结构构造,以及尾矿的矿物成分、化学成分、Paste pH值和Carb-ANC(酸中和能力)等分析,探讨碳酸盐型尾矿的酸化特征及其机制。研究表明:黄沙坪尾矿发育层状构造,即表面为胶结硬化层(hardpan),之下依次为弱胶结层、尾砂层及底层(接近尾矿潜水面)。尾矿的酸中和矿物主要为方解石;尾矿的产酸矿物以黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿为主,但黄铁矿的抗氧化能力和产酸能力均较强于磁黄铁矿。尾矿剖面自下而上(或由早至晚),氧化作用逐渐增强,磁黄铁矿先于黄铁矿氧化(蚀变)分解并逐渐消失,此时尾矿的酸中和能力仍较强,尾矿保持近中性环境;之后,黄铁矿开始氧化产酸并大量消耗方解石,尾矿开始酸化;至尾矿表层方解石消耗殆尽,而黄铁矿仍持续释酸,尾矿酸化加剧。表层强氧化环境使纤铁矿大量沉淀并胶结尾矿颗粒形成硬层。黄沙坪尾矿由于含有大量的抗氧化能力和产酸能力均较强的黄铁矿,其酸水(+重金属)释放的潜力较大并且持续的时间也较长。     

Oxidation of diesel soot on binary oxide CuCr(Co)-based monoliths

Binary oxide systems (CuCr₂O₄, CuCo₂O₄), deposited onto cordierite monoliths of honeycomb structure with a second support (finely dispersed Al₂O₃), were prepared as filters for catalytic combustion of diesel soot using internal combustion engine's gas exhausts (O₂, NO_x, H₂O, CO₂) and O³ as oxidizing agents. It is shown that the second support increases soot capacity of aforementioned filters, and causes dispersion of the particles of spinel phases as active components enhancing thereby catalyst activity and selectivity of soot combustion to CO₂. Oxidants used can be arranged with reference to decreasing their activity in a following series: O₃ >> NO₂ > H₂O > NO > O₂ > CO₂. Ozone proved to be the most efficient oxidizing agent: the diesel soot combustion by O₃ occurs intensively (in the presence of copper chromite based catalyst) even at closing to ambient temperatures. Results obtained give a basis for the conclusion that using a catalytic coating on soot filters in the form of aforementioned binary oxide systems and ozone as the initiator of the oxidation processes is a promising approach in solving the problem of comprehensive purification of automotive exhaust gases at relatively low temperatures, known as the "cold start" problem.     

Determination of chemical warfare agents

Ethylarsine dichloride was used during WW I as a chemical warfare agent. Residues of this chemical warfare agent and its metabolites are still present today and continue to contaminate soil and water. A gas Chromatographic method for the detection and determination of ethylarsine dichloride is shown. Six dithiols were tested as possible derivatization reagents for ethylarsine dichloride. With selection of the dithiol, matrix interferences can be eliminated because of the different retention times of the derivatives.     

Destruction of diphenylarsine chloride (CLARK I) with activated ozone

The new technology of Plasmazon® uses the extremely strong oxidation of radicals to break up the compocunds of organic connections, e.g. chemical warfare agents like Clark I. In making a comparison of oxidation to normal ozone, the factor of the Plasmazon® -technology is available up to 10³. The investigation in an experimental test shows that it is possible to destroy the warfare agent character of Clark I. As the possibility of a large-lot application this technology is the method of choice for other chemical or biological warfare agents.     

新型静电布袋除尘技术研究

提出了一种新的静电布袋混合式除尘器 ,并通过试验和理论分析 ,进行了原理性研究。研究结果表明 ,这种带高压静电的布袋除尘器组合了静电除尘和滤袋除尘 2种技术 ,在布袋与极板间形成了很强的静电场 ,,使荷电粉尘无法靠近滤袋而向极板沉积 ,过滤速度大为提高 ,阻力系数是各种过滤方式中最小的。新的静电布袋除尘器的经济性将优于现在的电除尘器、布袋除尘器和组合式除尘器。     

Evaluation of N-acetylcysteine and glutathione as quenching agents for the analysis of halogenated disinfection by-products

Disinfection by-products(DBPs), formed from the reactions of disinfectants with natural organic matter and halides in drinking water, were considered to be cytotoxic and genotoxic, and might trigger various cancers. The relatively low concentration of DBPs in finished water(low μg/L or even ng/L levels) and the interference from water matrix inhibited in situ determination of DBPs. Moreover, the further formation and degradation of DBPs by disinfectants during the holding time(several hours to s...     

某炼钢厂净、浊循环系统水质稳定配方相互影响的研究

通过对照实验,研究了净循环系统中A系列药剂缓蚀、阻垢的效果,以及循环系统中加入A、B两系列药剂对缓蚀、阻垢的影响,说明了在B系列药剂存在的循环系统中加入A系列药剂,其缓蚀、阻垢效果基本上不产生相互影响.     

Utilization of pulp and paper industrial wastes to remove heavy metals from metal finishing wastewater

Two pulp and paper industrial wastes, lime mud (LM) and recovery boiler ash (RB), have low moisture contents, low heavy metal contaminations and contain various carbonate compounds which contribute to a high pH. Metal finishing wastewater (MF-WW) has a low pH, high levels of TDS and high contaminations from Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. The heavy metals from MF-WW were removed by sorption and precipitation mechanisms. LM gave better results in removing heavy metals from MF-WW than RB. At a reaction time of 45 min, the maximum removal efficiencies for Cr (93%) and Cu (99%) were obtained at 110 g L⁻¹ of LM, but at 80 g L⁻¹ for Pb (96%) and Zn (99%). Treatment with LM gives a higher sludge volume than with RB. However, the leachability of heavy metals from LM is lower. Leachability of heavy metals in the sediment for all selected treatment conditions is within government standards.     

生物制剂对MBR中无纺布膜组件过滤性能的影响

研究了生物制剂对浸渍式膜生物反应器(submerged membrane bioreactor,SMBR)中聚丙烯无纺布(non-wov-en fabric,NWF)膜组件过滤性能的影响。结果表明,能减少膜组件表面附着污泥胞外聚合物(extra-cellular polymeric sub-stances,EPS)的含量及污泥的沉积,减缓膜通量的衰减速率和膜污染,无纺布膜组件的过滤性能得到明显改善,表现出一定的耐污染性。生物制剂能改善污泥的沉降性能,有效防止污泥膨胀;对MBR的COD去除率基本没有影响,但略微增大了处理水的浊度。