应用织物填料对传统活性污泥法改造中试

采用织物填料的高效水解-好氧生物处理工艺进行城市污水厂,传统活性污泥法改造中试。介绍了该工艺的设计特点、参数及其运行效果。通过试验,结果表明,采用水解-好氧生物处理工艺投资少、运行费用低、处理效果持续稳定。在污水量为1·4×104m3/d,曝气池停留时间1·89h、气水比减少一半的情况下,该工艺处理城市污水BOD5、CODCr、SS出水指标达到国家一级排放标准,除磷脱氮效果明显优于传统活性污泥法,对总氮的平均去除率高于50%,对总磷的去除率高于70%。该方法适宜于中小型污水处理厂的改造。     

浅谈防静电织物的应用及发展前景

本文描述了静电产生的原因和静电现象,分析了静电给一些行业造成的危害。并从个体防护的层面阐述了如何消除静电,同时还分析了防静电纤维的发展趋势,并对防静电服装的穿着进行了阐述。     

粉煤灰固定化絮凝剂填充床-鼓气工艺漂染污水处理研究

以粉煤灰固定化絮凝剂填充成絮凝过滤床 ,并组合成连续 -鼓气式五级絮凝过滤床污水处理系统。在吸附、絮凝、沉降、过滤和降解等协同作用下 ,污水流量为 2 5 L/h、鼓气量为 5 0 L/( L· h)、级数为 5时 ,处理水的悬浮物、色度、COD、氨氮、硫化物和苯胺的去除率分别为 99.0 %、91.8%、96.9%、95 %、96.9%、90 .6% ,p H=6.2～ 6.9,基本达到纺织染整工业污水 级排放标准     

流化床反应器处理高浓度含氟废水的效率和稳定性

采用小试规模的流化床反应器处理氟质量浓度为500~1 400 mg/L的模拟高浓度含氟废水。以氟化钙颗粒为晶种,以氯化钙溶液为沉淀剂（流量25 L/h）,考察了流化床连续运行过程中沉淀除氟的效率和稳定性。实验结果表明：氟化钙的沉淀反应在30.7 s内即可完成;在废水流量为11~23 L/h、反应pH为7.0~9.0、上升流速为0.005 9~0.013 0 m/s、钙与氟的摩尔比为0.85~1.00的条件下,出水清液中氟质量浓度低于10 mg/L,达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB 8978—1996）要求。连续运行过程中,流化床沉淀除氟高效稳定,操作条件范围较宽。流化床出水中细颗粒沉淀物的存在会导致氟浓度显著升高,应采取有效措施减少其产生或溢出,以保证沉淀除氟效率。     

Degradation of chelating agents in aqueous solution using advanced oxidation process (AOP)

This article presents an overview with critical analysis of technical applicability of advanced oxidation process (AOP) in removing chelating agents from aqueous solution. Apart from the effect of metals for chelating agents as a major influencing factor, selected information such as pH, oxidant’s dose, concentrations of pollutants and treatment performance is presented. The performance of individual AOP is compared. It is evident from our literature survey that photocatalysis with UV irradiation alone or coupled with TiO₂, ozonation and Fenton’s oxidation are frequently applied to mineralize target pollutants. Overall, the selection of the most suitable AOP depends on the characteristics of effluents, technical applicability, discharge standard, regulatory requirements and environmental impacts.     

PPS滤布对柴油机排放PM的过滤效率

基于柴油机实验台架和颗粒捕集装置,采用聚苯硫醚(PPS)针刺毡滤布过滤柴油机排放的颗粒物(PM)。利用称重法,以Whatman玻璃纤维滤纸为对比滤纸,间接测试了3种PPS滤布的过滤效率;同时实验探索了表面涂覆聚四氟乙烯的PPS滤布的深床过滤时间。实验结果表明,3种滤布在180℃的加热条件下将出现颜色和形态的变化;3种滤布在深床过滤期对PM的平均过滤效率分别为78.8%、76.9%和83.7%;表面涂覆聚四氟乙烯的PPS滤布的深床过滤时间为15~20 min,此后其过滤效率可接近100%。     

无纺布动态膜生物反应器处理碱减量印染废水

应用无纺布动态膜生物反应器（DMBR）处理碱减量印染废水,对该反应器处理碱减量印染废水过程中的实验结果表明,动态膜形成过程、影响因素和系统的运行效果进行了研究。通过测定临界通量得到反应器稳定运行的亚临界条件。实验结果表明,反应器运行70 min后,形成了稳定的动态膜。动态膜的形成速度与曝气量有关,当曝气量过大时,使得膜面错流速度过大,从而影响动态膜的形成。孔径对动态膜形成的初期影响较大,小孔径膜基材比大孔径膜基材更容易形成动态膜,而当动态膜稳定形成后,小孔径膜基材形成的动态膜性能略好,对污染物的去除效果更好。实验条件下,动态膜生物反应器对COD、UV254、色度和浊度的去除率分别为74%~85%、74%~79%、79%~86%和96.8%~98.6%,出水水质达到《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》（GB4287-2012）排放要求。     

电袋复合除尘技术研究

目前电除尘器和袋式除尘器是烟气净化的两种主要设备,电袋复合除尘器是一种高效的除尘技术,它结合两种类型除尘器的优点,并成功的应用于燃煤电厂烟气的净化,其排放浓度可长期稳定在30mg／m3以下。     

螯合剂诱导下污染土壤溶液中TOC和重金属的动态变化及其相关性

采用土培盆栽试验研究了EDTA,NTA(氨三乙酸)和EDDS(乙二胺二琥珀酸)三种螯合剂诱导下,土壤溶液中总有机碳(TOC)含量和重金属浓度的动态变化以及二者之间的关系.结果表明,施用5 mmol·kg-1螯合剂能极显著地增加土壤溶液中TOC的含量和Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb的浓度.土壤溶液TOC含量从第2天达最大后就随时间呈一阶指数衰减函数y=y0 Ae(x-x0)/t变化,衰减因子大小顺序为tEDTA>tNTA>tEDDS.土壤溶液中Cu,Zn,Cd和Pb浓度的动态变化也有与TOC相似的规律,并且两者呈显著线性正相关.结果还表明,螯合剂对重金属的活化能力与其相应金属螯合物的稳定常数lgKMe基本一致,为EDTA>EDDS>NTA,因此,在螯合诱导强化植物提取中NTA和EDDS的潜在环境风险比EDTA要小.     

Simplified creation of polyester fabric supported Fe-based MOFs by an industrialized dyeing process: Conditions optimization, photocatalytics activity and polyvinyl alcohol removal

MIL-53(Fe) was successfully prepared and deposited on the surface carboxylated polyester (PET) fiber by an optimized conventional solvothermal or industrialized high temperature pressure exhaustion (HTPE) process to develop a PET fiber supported MIL-53(Fe) photocatalyst ([email protected]) for the degradation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in water under light emitting diode (LED) visible irradiation. On the basis of several characterizations, [email protected] was tested for the photocalytic ability and degradation mechanism. It was found that temperature elevation significantly enhanced the formation and deposition of MIL-53(Fe) with better photocatalytic activity. However, higher temperature than 130°C was not in favor of its photocatalytic activity. Increasing the number of surface carboxyl groups of the modified PET fiber could cause a liner improvement in MIL-53(Fe) loading content and photocatalytic ability. High visible irradiation intensity also dramatically increased photocatalytic ability and PVA degradation efficiency of [email protected] Na₂S₂O₈ was used to replace H₂O₂ as electron acceptor for further promoting PVA degradation in this system. [email protected] prepared by HTPE process showed higher MIL-53(Fe) loading content and slightly lower PVA degradation efficiency than that prepared by solvothermal process at the same conditions. These findings provided a practical strategy for the large-scale production of the supported MIL-53(Fe) as a photocatalyst in the future.