洗涤剂富磷污染及其对策

介绍了国内湖海水域富磷污染的现状,指出含磷洗涤剂的使用是造成富磷污染的主要原因,提出了解决富磷污染的对策及适合中国国情的洗涤剂发展方向。     

Determination of chemical warfare agents

Chlorovinylannes (Lewisites) were produced and handled during WW I and WW II as chemical warfare agents. Residues of these cwa and their metabolites are still present today and continue to contaminate soil and water. A gas Chromatographic method for the detection and determination of chlorovinylarsines (Lewisites) and their metabolites is shown. Lewisite II and Lewisite III, but not Lewisite I and the metabolites of Lewisite I and Lewisite II can be detected and determined using GC/ECD. After derivatization with thiols, the sum of Lewisite I or Lewisite II and their metabolites are detected. With the proper selection of the thiol, matrix interferences can be eliminated because of the different retention times of the derivatives.     

聚苯胺和氮化硼协效阻燃棉布的制备及性能研究

使用聚苯胺(PANI)与氮化硼(BN)作为阻燃体系,采用一步法对棉布进行阻燃改性,研究了PANI与BN的配比对Cotton-PANI-covered BN复合材料形貌的变化以及对阻燃性能、热稳定性的影响。由扫描电镜(SEM)和全反射傅里叶红外(ATR-FTIR)测试结果可知,PANI成功生长在棉布纤维表面。另外由于PANI的粘附性,BN能被粘附在棉织物表面,从而形成更为致密的包覆结构。研究发现,PANI和BN的存在,能大大提高棉布的热稳定性和成炭性。当PANI的浓度为2.7 wt%,BN的浓度为5.9 wt%时,改性棉布的残炭量能达到8.9%,比纯棉布(0.6%)增加了约14倍。同样,垂直燃烧实时图像能看出PANI/BN改性的棉布的残炭量更高,炭层也更完整,表明PANI和BN具有优良的阻燃效果。     

豫西北小寨组的变形作用

本文应用有限应变测量方法,结合不同变形特征分析认为,小寨组变形作用以挤压和简单剪切为主.根据磁性组构得出本区构造变形的最大压应力方向约为215°-226°,并且确认变形作用在一个大的构造旋回中至少经历两个阶段.     

气密性涂层织物的撕裂和顶破性能探讨

本文测试分析了4种涂层织物涂层前后撕裂和顶破性能，研究表明涂层织物平均撕裂强力趋于下降，撕裂强力均匀；涂层织物因织物和薄膜的共同作用，顶破形态呈矩形变化与基布的组织结构有密切关系，涂层后顶破强力变大。     

Soil phytoremediation from the breakdown products of the chemical warfare agent, yperite

A plant-based bioremediation (phytoremediation) strategy has been developed and shown to be effective for the clean-up of soil contaminated by the breakdown products of the chemical warfare agent (CWA), yperite. The method involves exploiting the plant growth hormone, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), to intensify the phytoremediation. For determination of the yperite breakdown products, gas chromatography is used. Soil and plant samples were analysed with a gas chromatograph fitted with an atomic emission detector. The method of standard-free determination was employed to identify sulphur-containing substances (SCSs). A series of soil tests was conducted, which showed that the level of SCSs decreased 4, 8, and more than 20-fold compared with that found in contaminated soil. This decrease was dependent upon the IAA concentrations used for plant treatment. The treated plants accumulated 2.7 to 2.9-fold larger amounts of the SCSs than did the untreated plants. Owing to its simplicity, environmental safety and inexpensiveness, the method can be recommended for the restoration of soil fertility in areas of storage and destruction of blister CWAs.     

两性高分子水处理剂的研究进展

本文综述了近年来国内外两性高分子水处理剂的研究进展,并对今后的研究工作提出了一些建议.     

基于过氧化物的消毒技术研究进展

对环境友好消毒技术需求的增长,推动了过氧化物消毒技术的快速发展,并已被广泛应用于反化学和生物恐怖袭击、化生灾害处置、环境污染治理等领域.在综述了过氧化物消毒剂α亲核取代/氧化消毒反应机制研究进展的基础上,介绍了以过氧化物为活性组分的水基消毒溶液、消毒泡沫、消毒乳液、消毒凝胶、消毒气雾、自消毒材料、纳米材料催化消毒技术等典型消毒体系.针对现有过氧化物消毒技术消毒效率偏低、对个别毒剂消毒效果不理想的缺点,建议在过氧化物消毒技术研究中,加强消毒反应机制、多相体系界面相互作用研究,开发新型催化剂、多功能表面活性剂、自消毒材料和消毒剂缓蚀技术,以实现真正的绿色消毒.     

热水介质＋脱附破乳组剂处理高凝固点油泥的条件研究

通过热水介质添加脱附破乳组剂的方法,研究了辽河油田公司沈阳采油厂油泥分离的相关条件。通过油泥的组分分析、热水介质温度实验、处理时间实验、脱附破乳组剂浓度实验,确定了热水介质添加脱附破乳组剂实现油泥分离的条件:脱附破乳组剂浓度为15.0 g/L、洗涤温度50℃、洗涤时间大于5 min。     

Protective effect of weak pulsed magnetic fields on early ontogeny of tugun Coregonus tugun (Pallas) under conditions of chronic oil pollution

The state of internal organs in tugun larvae was analyzed histologically in the intact (control) group, the group treated with a water-soluble oil fraction (WSOF) in fivefold excess over the maximum allowable concentration, and the group exposed in a weak pulsed magnetic field at the stage of hatching, prior to treatment with WSOF. Larvae of the second group had severe pathologies of inner organs that caused 100% mortality before the age of 15 days, but no pathomorphological changes in the organs of larvae and juvenile fish of the third group were revealed for up to 40 days. Probable causes of high resistance to the toxic agent in fish of the experimental group are discussed.