钽铌冶炼厂含氟废水资源化治理技术

采用合金膜电渗析法分离富集钽铌冶炼厂含氟废水中的F^-和SO₄^2-。最优的工艺运行条件为：膜对电压0.500 V,膜面流速4.09 cm/s。在此条件下电渗析30 min,F^-去除率达97.53%,SO₄^2-去除率接近100%。优化条件下运行电渗析器,一段淡水中大部分的F^-和SO₄^2-均被去除,可以直接回用。一段电渗析的浓水再经多段电渗析浓缩,以LiOH·H₂O沉淀F^-得到LiF产品,该LiF产品纯度达99.06%,满足GB/T 22666—2008标准的3级品要求。LiF收率为84.92%,F^-整体回收率为79.45%。     

Pathways for the oxidation of sarin in urban atmospheres

The nerve agent sarin has recently been deployed by terrorists in a major city. The molecule is volatile and made its way to many victims by passing as vapor through a highly reactive medium. Here we estimate rates and pathways for the removal of gas phase sarin from a generalized urban atmosphere. Only information from the open scientific literature is used. By structure reactivity comparisons with the organophosphorus pesticides, hydroxyl radical hydrogen abstraction may occur in as little as one hour. Decomposition of side chains after hydroxyl attack leads to organic oxygenates which preserve the phosphonofluoridate and so toxicity. The aqueous aerosol surface is contacted in minutes and offers access to a range of dissolved nucleophiles. Substitution displaces the fluoride leaving group, giving safe phosphoric acid analogs. Because of uncertainties in the electron distribution and in aqueous decay mechanisms, the time constants must be viewed as lower limits.     

服装面料电磁防护性能的测试与模拟

为了消除或减少电磁波辐射对人体造成的危害,各种具有电磁防护功能的服装面料应运而生并得到迅速的发展,但是服装面料的电磁防护性能的测试费用一直较为昂贵．本文在研究织物电磁屏蔽原理的基础上,分析了服装面料的电磁防护性能与面料本身的电磁参数及厚度的关系．并且通过专业的电磁仿真软件Ansoft HFSS建立面料电磁屏蔽效能测试的仿真模型．将服装面料的电磁参数以及厚度值代入模型中,可以模拟测试获得服装面料的电磁屏蔽效能．这对于设计开发人员来说不仅可以减少昂贵的测试费用．加快开发的速度．还有利于设计出成本更低、防护性能更好的产品。     

Assessment of mobile and potential mobile trace elements extractability in calcareous soils using different extracting agents

• DTPA and NH₄OAc, HNO₃ and EDTA, and MgCl₂ and NH₄NO₃ had similar behavior. • In NH₄OAc, DTPA, and EDTA, the possibility of re-adsorption of trace elements is low. • CaCl₂ may be more suitable than other extracts in calcareous soils. Understanding trace elements mobility in soils, extracting agents, and their relationships with soil components, are essential for predicting their movement in soil profile and availability to plants. A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate extractability of cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) from calcareous soils utilizing various extracting agents to be specific CaCl₂, DTPA, EDTA, HNO₃, MgCl₂, NaNO₃, NH₄NO₃, and NH₄OAc. Cluster analysis indicated that DTPA and NH₄OAc, HNO₃ and EDTA, and MgCl₂ and NH₄NO₃ extracting agents yielded comparative values, whereas NaNO₃ and CaCl₂ have shown different behavior than other extracting agents for all studied trace elements. The speciation of extracted trace elements in solutions indicated that in the CaCl₂, NaNO₃, NH₄NO₃, and MgCl₂ extracting agents most extracted Cd, Co, Ni, Zn, and part of Cu were as free ions and may be re-adsorbed on soils, leading to lower extractability, whereas, in the case of HNO₃ extracting agent, the likelihood of re-adsorption of trace elements may be little. The results of speciation of trace elements using NH₄OAc, DTPA, and EDTA extracting agents showed that Me-(Acetate)₃^–, Me-(Acetate)₂(aq), Me(DTPA)³⁻, Me(EDTA)²⁻, and MeH(EDTA)^– complexes dominated in solutions indicating that the extracted trace elements may not be re-adsorbed on soils, leading to higher extractability. The results of this study are useful for short and long-term evaluations of trace elements mobility and further environmental impacts.     

植物化学杀雄研究进展

介绍了化学杀雄剂诱导植物雄性不育的变化,回顾了化学杀雄杂种优势利用研究的进展,阐述了化学杀雄杂种优势利用的特点,以及化学杀雄剂的设计思路和常用的化学杀雄剂。     

电-袋复合式除尘器运行管理探讨

针对电-袋复合式除尘器的特点,分析了电-袋复合式除尘器在运行过程中应注意的事项,提出了电-袋复合式除尘工艺过程的运行管理要求,探讨了电-袋复合除尘器设备管理以及现场运行参数的设定,以实现提高电-袋复合式除尘器使用寿命及降低能耗的目的。     

破络合剂对化学镀镍废水处理的影响

采用不同的破络合剂处理化学镀镍废水,探讨了CaO、CaCl2和BaCl2 3种破络合剂处理化学镀镍废水时,对Ni2＋去除率的影响,同时对CaO联合BaCl2处理化学镀镍废水进行了研究。实验结果表明,CaO、CaCl2和BaCl2的使用量分别为3.0、6.0和4.5 g/L时,Ni2＋去除率分别为32%、19%和99.9...     

制革废水中丙烯酸类鞣剂的膜分离特征

针对3种丙烯酸类鞣剂超滤(UF)、反渗透(RO)分离参数进行了实验研究,探索其在废水深度处理中膜去除的可行性,研究结果表明,3种鞣剂在分离参数:浓度为200 mg/L,超滤的操作压力(P UF)为0.11 MPa,反渗透的操作压力(P RO)为0.4 MPa的条件下UF-RO分离,效果最好。其次,丙烯酸类鞣剂对膜通量影响较大,导致产生的清液较少,所以用UF、RO处理含有这类物质的制革废水时,应尽可能对废水进行预处理。最后,丙烯酸类鞣剂分子中含有极性较强的基团时,粒径分离效果不同。     

闭路循环应用于金属表面处理行业的环境影响分析──生命周期分析的实例

本研究应用生命周期分析（lifecycleanalysis）的方法,对瑞典某金属表面处理工厂采用闭路循环工艺后的环境影响进行了分析。分析证明：闭路循环确可降低重金属对空气和水的污染,但增加了对不可再生能源的消耗,因而在采用该工艺时应特别关注能源问题．以期得到最好的环境效益。     

冷原子吸收法测汞用干燥剂

试验了几种常用的干燥剂在冷原子吸收法测定水中汞时,对汞蒸气的干燥性能及对测定灵敏度的影响。结果表明,以无水氯化钙和无水高氯酸镁效果最好