太原市焦炉工人尿中多种羟基多环芳烃浓度水平

以我国北方城市—太原市60名焦炉工人(男女人数比为2:1,年龄:40~50岁)为研究人群,分别在采暖期(2009年12月)和非采暖期(2009年9月)收集其工作8h的班前和班后尿液,同时以该市郊区60名农民为对照组,并统一采用问卷的方式收集其年龄、性别、工种、职业史、疾病史等信息,通过酶水解-高效液相色谱法分析测定尿样中6种OH-PAHs的浓度水平.该焦炉工人尿液中2-OHNap、2-OHFlu、3-OHPhe、9-OHPhe、1-OHPy和3-OHBap的平均浓度水平均高于对照组,分别为19.83、5.63、2.05、1.75、1.67和0.23μmol/mol肌酐,各OH-PAHs的浓度水平依次为2-OHNap>2-OHFlu> ∑-OHPhe(3-OHPhe+9-OHPhe)>1-OHPy>3-OHBap;男性尿液中OH-PAHs的浓度水平高于女性,采暖期的浓度水平高于非采暖期,但季节差异不大;焦炉工人尿中各OH-PAHs的浓度水平呈炉顶工>炉侧工>炉底工>对照组的趋势;焦炉工人在8h班后尿中各OH-PAHs的浓度水平均高于班前水平,其中高环的3-OHBap的浓度增加量最高,比班前增加了55%.焦炉工人尿液中的OH-PAHs的浓度水平与外暴露存在着正比关系,因此,建议进一步开展焦炉工人外暴露水平和内暴露水平之间关系的研究.     

Evaluation of soil microbial toxicity of waste foundry sand for soil-related reuse

The relationship between the chemical con- taminants and soil microbial toxicity of waste foundry sand （WFS） was investigated. Five different types of WFS from typical ferrous, aluminum, and steel foundries in China were examined for total metals, leachable metals, and organic contaminants. The soil microbial toxicity of each WFS was evaluated by measuring the dehydrogenase activity （DHA） of a blended soil and WFS mixture and then comparing it to that of unblended soil. The results show that the five WFSs had very different compositions of metal and organic contaminants and thus exhibited very different levels of soil microbial inhibition when blended with soil. For a given WFS blended with soil in the range of 10wt.%-50wt.% WFS, the DHA decreased almost linearly with increased blending ratio. Furthermore, for a given blending ratio, the WFSs with higher concentrations of metal and organic contaminants exhibited greater microbial toxicity. Correlation analysis shows that the relationship between ecotoxicity and metal and organic contaminants of WFSs can be described by an empirical logarithmic linear model. This model may be used to control WFS blending ratios in soil-related applications based on chemical analysis results to prevent significant inhibition of soil microbial activity.     

职工群体性突发事件发生原因演化分析及对策研究

随着经济增速放缓及劳动力成本上升,职工要求增加工资与企业渴望廉价劳动力的矛盾愈发明显。劳资冲突、职工群体性突发事件不断发生,对维护社会稳定带来严峻考验。通过统计分析2011-2015年间我国职工群体性突发事件,得出拖欠工资、管理不善、企业改制或搬迁、诉求提高工资待遇及不满工作条件、环境五个因素为导致职工群体性突发事件发生的主要原因。引入马尔科夫理论,计算职工群体性突发事件诱发因素的马尔科夫演化过程,得到趋势因子。并以2015年下半年为初始数据,对2016-2018年上半年职工群体性突发事件的原因变化趋势进行预测。针对预测结果,对欠薪事件、政企管理制度不完善等因素提出对策措施,为科学预防职工群体性突发事件提供技术支持。     

基于改进YOLOX的变电站工人防护设备检测研究

为解决电气工人防护设备检测问题,通过改进YOLOX算法,提出检测工作人员防护设备的模型。首先在预测部分改进损失函数,为解决损失函数计算存在的缺陷,对IOU损失的计算方法进行改进,根据防护设备任务特性,通过调整各种类型损失函数的权重,增加对模型误判的惩罚,对模型进行优化;其次在算法主干网络中引入CBAM注意力模块提高神经网络对工人防护设备的感知能力;最后在算法Neck部分,将UpSample结构用于多尺度特征融合,加强网络的细节表达能力,从而提升对小目标困难样本的检测精度。研究结果表明：改进后的YOLOX模型平均精度均值达到87.24%,与已有YOLOX模型相比提升2.46%,具备有效性,适用于变电站工人防护设备检测。研究结果可为电气工人提供更高的防护装备检测精度。     

Risk factors and the psychological impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak: perspectives and experiences of Iranian healthcare workers on the frontline

Frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) looking after COVID-19 patients are at high risk of developing mental health problems. Both preventive and interventional initiatives are essential, therefore, to maintain and improve the mental health of HCWs and ultimately to enhance the quality of care that they provide. This qualitative content analysis study, conducted in Iran between September 2020 and February 2021, involved the gathering of data on the issue through face-to-face interviews with 22 HCWs working directly with COVID-19 patients. Data analysis led to the generation of 163 codes, 45 categories (16 risk factors and 29 consequences), and 9 themes. Overall, the results suggest that caring for a patient with COVID-19 is associated with positive and negative psychological impacts. Measures such as increasing sensitivity to crisis situations, self-adjustment skills training, and identifying signs of job burnout owing to moral conflicts can reduce or eliminate the risk of negative psychological consequences among HCWs.     

谈工伤职工的合法权益

就国家有关法律、劳动法规及劳动规章 ,阐述了工伤的保险待遇、工伤认定、工伤评残的合法权益及工伤保险待遇的请求与给付     

Risk factors for long‐term post‐traumatic stress disorder among medical rescue workers appointed to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake response in China

This study aims to determine the risk factors for clinically‐significant post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Chinese medical rescue workers one year after the response to the Wenchuan earthquake on 12 May 2008. A sample of 337 medical workers who performed response work within the first three months of the event completed an online questionnaire, which included information on demographics, social support, the management and organisation of the disaster response, and an assessment of PTSD. Symptoms consistent with PTSD were prevalent in 17 per cent of the rescue workers. Those who developed PTSD symptoms were more likely to have been injured, experienced a water shortage, been disconnected from family and friends during the response, and have passive coping styles and neurotic personalities. Factors that cannot be changed easily, such as personality traits, should be evaluated prior to deployment to ensure that rescue workers at higher risk of PTSD are provided with adequate support before and during deployment.     

China's Migrant Workers' Social Security

Based on the definition of migrant workers and migrant workers'social security,systems,policies and regulations and status quo of specific safeguard project of social security have been analyzed.Authors draw following conclusions: China's social security systems of migrant workers show diversification and differentiation trend; national-level policies take on diversification and local-level regulations take on differentiation; social welfare and social assistance have deficiency; coverage rate of social insurance items is extremely low.     

某小型铸造车间除尘系统设计

针对小型铸造车间中污染源的产生设备多种、污染物性质多样以及整个车间中工艺操作无固定工作制等特点,介绍了除尘系统的设计,包括各生产设备上除尘罩、工艺管道及设备选型等,最后提出了可进一步改进的意见.