钢框架足尺结构火灾试验方案研究

钢框架足尺结构(即与实际工作中通常使用的结构尺寸相同的结构)火灾试验在国内尚属首次。着重介绍了试验施加荷载的确定、数据测量和钢框架的吊装计算,得出了进行钢框架主尺结构火灾试验的一些基本经验:采用钢结构构件实用抗火计算方法,对目标高温下框架中柱和边柱分别进行承载力计算,在和常温下各自的0.3倍的承载极限值进行综合比较后,确定钢框架柱轴向的施加荷载值;热电偶测温技术具有精度高和使用简便的优点,可用于火灾试验温度的测量;火灾试验中应变的测量无法正常进行,可转化成对关键部位位移的测量;足尺结构的吊装在对其简化的计算模型进行危险截面的强度验算以及对整个试件进行必要的挠度计算后方可进行。     

A Simple Intervention to Reduce Framing Effects in Perceptions of Global Climate Change

This paper explores a technique for mitigating framing effects in perceptions of global climate change. People's opinions on issues ranging from same sex marriage and the environment to free speech and health care have been shown to be influenced by the way in which the issue is presented: the metaphors, images, and catchphrases that communicate implicit normative messages about the issue. The work described here synthesizes insights from experimental research on moderators of framing effects and sociological research on frame reflection. Based on this synthesis, this paper describes a test of a simple highlighting technique for focusing respondents' attention on the framing operating in political materials. Results suggest that this intervention not only can reduce the opinion-shaping impact of frames but may also reduce ideological polarization. Implications include a better understanding of the mechanisms by which frames operate, techniques for making frame reflection possible among political non-elites, and recommendations for strengthening environmental groups' public communication strategies.     

板框压滤机内酒精污泥过滤脱水特性

采用螺杆泵输送和板框过滤机压滤的方法对酒精污泥进行机械脱水,研究了絮凝剂(聚丙烯酰胺PAM)添加量、污泥的进口湿含量、螺杆泵转速、过滤介质和过滤时间对污泥过滤特性的影响,并对滤饼吹气压榨进一步脱水。实验表明,在PAM添加量wPAM=3 kg/(t干污泥),污泥的进口湿含量x0=95%,螺杆泵转速n=180 r/min,过滤时间t=2.5 h并进行吹气压榨可将污泥的湿含量降至69.91%。     

钢筋混凝土异形柱框架-短肢剪力墙结构振动台试验研究

异形柱框架-短肢剪力墙结构是介于异形柱框架和异形柱框架-剪力墙结构之间的一种新型结构体系。本文通过对一幢12层钢筋混凝土异形柱框架-短肢剪力墙结构1/7比例模型的地震模拟振动台试验,系统研究了该结构体系的动力特性、地震反应及破坏机理等。试验结果表明,该结构体系属于梁铰破坏机制,能满足延性设计要求,且具有良好的抗震性能和较强的抗震能力,达到了抗震设防标准。因此,该结构体系较适用于小高层住宅结构设计。     

循环水净化染整定型机废气的初步研究

针对染整定型机废气具有较高的温度和湿度的特点,采用湿式净化技术处理该废气,并通过水洗试验装置对湿式净化效果进行了初步研究.结果表明,染整定型机废气的油烟颗粒在水中形成水包油型乳浊液;水洗液的COD与进气时间有较好的线性关系;在一定时间内,水对染整定型机废气的吸收速率保持稳定.用循环水对染整定型机废气喷淋洗涤,在一定时间内有较高的净化效率,并且可以降低水的消耗量,同时有效减少二次污染的产生.     

框架柱抗震抗火设计因素分析

在介绍地震火灾危害基础上,分析了钢筋混凝土框架柱地震与火灾引起的破坏形式,论述了同时考虑抗震与抗火的钢筋混凝土框架柱相悖与相符的设计因素及其依据,给出了相悖设计因素的弥补方法。相关结论对需要同时考虑抗震与抗火的钢筋混凝土框架柱的设计具有一定的指导意义。     

双控下翻式车窗逃生装置设计及试验研究

为克服传统逃生装置存在的破坏性、开启困难和二次伤害等问题,提高车辆逃生装置的实用性,设计出一种用电磁和机械开关双重控制的、下翻式可折叠车用新型逃生车窗。逃生窗的机械系统为操作轻便的下翻式结构,下翻后可形成牢固的一级阶梯,便于车内乘客撤离。该车窗由电磁开关和机械开关并联控制,可分别开启下翻机构,以提高可靠性。对逃生窗机械结构的有限元分析表明,改进后的逃生窗结构有足够的承载能力,能够保证车内乘客安全撤离。静态和动态的逃生试验显示,逃生车窗能被迅速开启、便于人员撤离。     

露天矿爆破地震波作用下框架建筑的动力响应

为研究露天矿爆破地震波作用下框架建筑的动力响应,开展了现场试验和数值模拟研究.试验测得爆破地震波参数和框架结构主体、砌体填充墙的固有频率及其动力响应;采用ANSYS程序计算出框架结构主体和砌体填充墙的固有频率,并分析了模型在爆破地震波作用下的动力响应.结果表明,填充墙体的固有频率高于建筑主体的固有频率,且接近于爆破地震波的输入频率,数值模拟计算的固有频率与现场测试结果一致;填充墙体的振动速度高于建筑主体的振动速度.虽然爆破地震波地表振动速率满足《爆破安全规程》,但框架结构主体和砌体填充墙固有频率的差异和频繁爆破震动使得砌体填充墙与梁、柱连接处产生裂缝.因此,评估露天矿周边框架建筑的振动安全性时,应考虑建筑的动力特性和露天矿爆破的特殊性.     

不同调理剂对厌氧石化污泥脱水性能的影响研究

以厌氧消化后的石化污泥为研究对象,研究聚合硫酸亚铁(PFS)、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、聚合氯化铝(PAC)、Fenton试剂对厌氧石化污泥脱水性能的影响,再对调理后的厌氧污泥通过板框压滤机压滤脱水,考察其脱水难易程度。研究结果表明:相比无机絮凝剂PFS、PAC和有机絮凝剂PAM,Fenton试剂(七水合硫酸亚铁加到15,20,25 g/L时,H_2O_2溶液投加量为5 m L/L)的调理效果较好,调理后污泥的毛细吸水时间分别降低至36.82,18.3,27.28 s,污泥比阻分别降低至4.22×1011,1.23×1011,2.45×1011cm/g;采用FPS、PAC、PAM、Fenton(H_2O_2溶液投加量为5 m L/L,Fe SO4·7H2O加到15,20,25 g/L时)调理后的污泥,经过板框脱水后的泥饼含水率分别为68.65%、64.19%、67.21%、57.46%、55.83%、59.36%。由此可见,最优的厌氧石化污泥脱水调理剂为Fenton试剂(Fe SO4·7H2O、H_2O_2投加量分别为20 g/L、5 m L/L),该研究对厌氧石化污泥的高干脱水和减量化具有参考价值。     

Framing Shale Gas for Policy-Making in Poland

Despite enthusiasm about new gas reserves, shale gas has not come to Poland without controversies. This study examines how shale gas has been framed as a public issue by political and business elites, experts, local communities and civil society organizations. Through a frame analysis, we found three main frames about shale gas: shale gas as a novel economic resource, as a strategic resource for energy security and as a threat. However, only the first two frames, proposed by political and business elites, have shaped the policy process. The third frame, constructed by local actors and civil society groups, has had minimal impact. We explain this exclusion drawing on the deficit model of risk communication. This approach reveals that Polish experts, and business and political actors, during their interactions with local groups, have framed proponents of the threat frame as ‘incompetent actors’ effectively excluding the threat frame from policy processes.